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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: establishing shot
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Long take that tells us what the geography of the scene/film is (indicator shot)
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Define: 180 degree rule
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When 2 characters are in conversation the camera must remain on the same 180 degrees on the axis. Way to convey conversation
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Define: shot reverse shot
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Used to film conversation, a shot of one person than the other (over-the-shoulder)
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Define: eyeline match
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Eyelines of 2 characters in a scene must match to maintain continuity
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Define: continuity editing
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Editing that is logical and doesn't disrupt time
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Define: montage sequence
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Shows passage of time or accomplishment of a goal in a shorthand, compressed sequence
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Define: thematic montage
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Montage that is connected by a common ideology or theme (ex. Kuleshav and Soviet cinema)
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Define: dissolve
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Editing technique that overlaps two images
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Define: graphic match
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Connects two moments in time, more thematically than literally
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Define: jump cut
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One take that is interrupted in the same scene
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Define: shot
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Basic unit used for making and analyzing film, on uninterrupted take
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Define: scene
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A sequence of shots
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Define: insert or cut-away
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Shot that doesn't fit the logic of the scene
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Define: diegesis
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The world w/in the film, physical space in moment of the shot
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Define: extradiegetic
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Anything outside the world of the film (ex. the musical score)
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Define: sign
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Smallest meaningful unit of communication
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Define: semiotics
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The study of communication
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Define: signified and signifier
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-Signified=the meaning of a given image
-Signifier=the thing seen or heard |
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Define: referent
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What a sign refers to outside the language in which it appears
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Define: paradigmatic axis
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All the choices that work in a given context, one is chosen and the others are not
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Define: syntagmatic axis
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Actual arrangement of the chosen signs
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Define: style
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Involves the particular way a filmmaker makes use of cinematic signifiers
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Define: computer-generated images (CGI)
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Creates images from software
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Define: editing
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Primary means of building a chain of shots and scenes into a complete film
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Define: long takes
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Shots that are noticeably more extended than usual.
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Define: montage editing
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Brings individual shots together to generate a juxtaposition or new idea
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Define: match editing
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Some element of one shot is carried over into the next shot to smooth transition
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Define: screen direction
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The onscreen direction in which characters are looking
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Define: coverage
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Positions the camera at a distance from the actors to cover all movement, gives the editor more options to work with.
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Define: over-the-shoulder-shots
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Two principle character are shot filming over each one's shoulder in succession
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Define: principle photography
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Shooting that involves the main characters
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Define: point-of-view shot
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Shot of what a character sees
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Define: prop
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Object provided for use in the film
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Define: psychological realism
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Shot that represents how the person is magnified in importance in the character's mind
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Define: parallel editing/crosscutting
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Film cuts back and forth between two different actions
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Define: mismatch
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Lack of continuity between shots
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Define: jump cut
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Shift from one shot to another fails to maintain smooth continuity in space or time.
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Define: flashback/flashforward
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When the shot jumps backward or forward in time
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Define: discontinuinity editing
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Jarring leaps between shots, doesn't flow
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Define: resolution
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Maximum degree of detail captured
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Define: long shot
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Central characters as small figures relative to their surroundings
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Define: medium long shot
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Begins to isolate one or more figures
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Define: medium shots
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Present human figure from the waist up
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Define: medium close shot
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Shot from mid-chest up
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Define: medium two shot
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Shot shows people from the waist up
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Define: close-ups
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Fill the screen with an object or figure of significance
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Define: choker/extreme close-up
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Present only part of the face or an object
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Define: aperture
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Lens opening through which the light passes
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Define: depth of field
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Span of distance from the camera over which the image remains in sharp focus
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Define: wide-angle lens
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Captures a wide field of vision
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Define: focal length
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Measures the distance from the lens to the recording material in the camera needed to bring the image into focus.
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Define: telephoto lens
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Brings a narrow slice of the field of vision in front of the camera into close, detailed view (closer than it would appear to the naked eye)
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Define: normal lens
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Relationship between figures as they appear to the human eye
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Define: rack focus
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The practice of shifting from one plane of focus to another rapidly during a shot
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Define: soft-focus cinematography
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Creates a slightly out-of-focus or soft, diffuse look to an image
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Define: tracking shot
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Camera is moved from place to place while filming continously
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Define: steadicam harness
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Used to absorb jerkiness of human movement
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Define: tilt/pan
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-Tilt=vertical movement of the camera
-Pan=horizontal movement of the camera |
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Define: zoom shots
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Traverse space but changing focal length of the zoom lens
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Define: high key lighting
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-Predominant form
-Uses variety of light sources to uniformly light everything in the frame |
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Define: key/fill/back light
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-Key light=above or to the side of the main character
-Fill light=lower and to the opposite side of the main characters -Back light=placed behind the main character |
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Define: low key lighting
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-Less common/used
-One parts of the frame, if any, are well lit -Film noir |
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Define: spotlight
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Sharply focused on a limited area
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Define: floodlight
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Covers a larger area more diffusely
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Define: rim or kick light
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A harsh light that catches only part of a face or figure
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Define: Mise-en-scene
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French term, arrangement of what appears in front of the camera
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Define: two/one shot
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Shot with two people or one person present in the scene
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Define: open frame
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A shot that gives a sense of a much wider field of potential action
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Define: closed frame
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A shot that gives a sense that it is entirely self-sufficient
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Define: deep focus cinematography
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Keeps objects at different distances from the camera in focus
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Define: off-screen space
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Space outside the frame
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Define: sync
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When characters speak dialogue synchronized to a shot of them saying it
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Define: voice-off
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Character who is no longer on screen but continues to talk
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Define: voice-over commentary
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Common feature of documentaries, extra-diegetic
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Define: subjective sound
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Renders sound as a character hears it rather than an objective auditor
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Define: high definition (HD)
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Images with almost as much detail as 35mm film
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Define: director's cut
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New release of a film that has the approval of the director
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Define: studio cut
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Release of a film that's final form was determined by executives at a film studio
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Define: final cut
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Ultimate decision about the final shape of the film
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Define: apparent motion
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Our eye perceives movement rather than slight shifts or jumps from one frame to the next
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Define: presence-in-absence
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Phenomenon by which the photographic image represents a referent (an object or person that is not physically present)
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Define: identification
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Emotion and psychological involvement
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Define: pan and scan
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Editing process that selects what appears to be the most important part of an image and crops out the rest
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