Church History

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Paul

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– apostle paul, 1st century

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Stephen –

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1st century, Jerusalem, paul stood by as he was stoned

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Perpetua and Felicity -

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3rd Century, Carthage, Perpetua was a young noblewoman, Felicity was a slave imprisoned with her. Perpetua had recently given birth and was still nursing her infant, Felicity gave birth in prison and was happy to be able to then be martyred. Quote: “So too I cannot be called anything other than what I am, a Christian.”- PerpetuaQuote: “'What I am suffering now', she replied, 'I suffer by myself. But then another will be inside me who will suffer for me, just as I shall be suffering for him.' -Felicity

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Nero

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– 1st century, Rome, blamed fire of Rome on Chr, localized persecution

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Trajan –

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1st + 2nd century, Rome, didn't actively persecute Chr, but if reported they either recanted . or were executed

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Decius

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– 3rd century, Rome, wanted to return to Roman religions, required certificate of sacrifice, . . schisms occurred on how to handle people who did recant/falter during this persecution

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Diocletian –

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3rd- 4th century, Rome, started a persecution that was both long in duration and . . widespread geographically

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Tertullian –

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2nd – 3rd century, Carthage, “What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?”, believed phil . . and faith were adversaries (or at least unrelated)

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Justin Martyr –

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2nd century, Rome, integrated Chr and phil, Chr = true/completion of phil, “seedling . of truth” in everyone

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Pliny

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Bishop of Bithnia-Pontus- 2nd how do I go about the Christians, Trajan?

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Origen –

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2nd – 3rd century, Alexandria, first systematic theology, first full Bible commentary, . . “shotgun” of theological ideas (came up with a bunch, some of them hit the mark), . . . allegorical interpretation of Bible

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Constantine

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– 2nd – 3rd century, Byzantium/Constantinople, converted to Chr, was a pagan high . . priest, ended + reversed persecution of Chr, called Council of Nicaea.

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Edict of Milan

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313 CE, Milan, legalization of Christianity by Constantine

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Eusebius –

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2nd – 3rd century, Caesarea Maritima (his see), first church historian, friend to . . . Constantine, extremely well educated, extremely prolific author

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Auxentius of Durostorum – ?

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? 4th and 5th, Milan, Bishop of Milan before Ambrose- disputed Ambrose-- Arian

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Emperor Julian the Apostate –

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4th century, Constantinople, last non-Christian emperor, attempts . . to return to Roman religion again.

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Rufinus of Aquileia - ??

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Theodosius -

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(if this is the Emperor Theodosius I, he called the Council of Constantinople I)Ulfila, Apostle of the Goths - 4th century, Italy?, Arian, apostle to the Goths, created Gothic . . alphabet, translated Bible into Gothic

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Basil of Caesarea –

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4th century, Cappadocia, opposed Arius and Apollinaris, father of monasticism, . he influenced both Eastern and Western monasticism, homoousia and hpostaseis . . . language from him

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Pachomius -

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Organized cenobitic “communal life’ - monasticism. Had angelic vision, went to desert to serve God not humans, built monastery 2x didn’t like how the first played out, tried again.

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Benedict of Nursia

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influenced by Basil, important to Western monasticismTheodore the Studite – 8th- 9th century, Constantinople, influenced by Basil, lead to revival of . . Byzantine monasticism

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John Cassian

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Theodore the Studite

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– 8th- 9th century, Constantinople, influenced by Basil, lead to revival of . . Byzantine monasticism

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Martin of Tours

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–4th century, Tours, bishop of Tours, soldier who cut his cape in half to give to a . beggar, conscientious objector to fighting, monastic father

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Jerome

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– 4th – 5th century, Rome(?), translates the Bible into Latin (the Vulgate), wrote . . . commentaries on the Gospels. Lived with Albina and daughter Marcella

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Simeon the Stylite [died 459] –

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lived atop a pillar for 36 years, touched his feet to his forehead ~1200 times . . in a row.

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Anthony -

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[The Great 251-356 AD] – Early Egyptian (desert) hermit, Father of monastic family tree.

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Arius –

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3rd century, Alexandria, Arian controversy named after him, “There was a time when the Son was not.”

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Athanasius –

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3rd – 4th century, Alexandria, “Athanasius contra mundum” (Athanasius against the . world), most people became Arian, he stood his ground.

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Alexander of Alexandria –

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3rd – 4th century, Alexandria, mentor of Athanasius, leader of the opposition to Arianism at the . Council of Nicaea

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Council of Nicaea –

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325 CE, Nicaea, Arian controversy (homo-ousios), established Easter date, . . set precedence for relationship between political and religious entities. 318 Bishops attended.

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Gregory of Nyssa

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– 4th century, Nyssa, important Trinitarian theology, present for First Council of . Constantinople

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Macrina –

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4th century, Cappadocia, takes Basil to task for arrogance, forms a monastic order for . women, eventually known as “The Teacher”, revered for her wisdom

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Gregory of Nazianzus

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– 4th century, Nazianzus, lived as a hermit before becoming a powerful . . orator and then Bishop of Constantinople, eventually retires into ascetic life and his time . . and location of death is unknown - From 1st Oration: “You can’t think about God or pray too much, but you can talk about God too much.”

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Council of Constantinople I

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– 381 CE, Constantinople, re-affirmed Council of Nicaea, declared . . divinity of HS, affirmed idea of homo-ousios and hypostaseis (language of Cappadocians)

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Constantine II -

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Emperor 317-361 at the death of his father Constantine, he acceded to the throne together with his two brothers Constantine II and Constans. But this accession by the three brothers was tainted by the murder of their cousins Dalmatius and Hannibalianus, whom Constantine had also intended as joint heirs. These murders are believed to have been masterminded by Constantius II. (supported Arianism, allows Arius to come back)

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John Chrysostom

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– 4th – 5th century, Antioch and Constantinople, John “Goldenmouth”, was taken . from Antioch and forced into Bishopric of Constantinople in secret to avoid rioting, . . . opposed lavish living making him unpopular with the wealthy and the wealthy priests (he . . forced the latter to live more simply)

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Clement

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– 2nd – 3rd century, Alexandria, teacher of Origen, 3-fold Chr journey: 1. Logos exposes .laws in Greek Phil and leads people to baptism, 2. Logos nurtures the Chr soul and trains . .it in virtue, 3. Christ teaches the soul to understand Scripture

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Theodore of Mopsuestia –

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4th – 5th century, Mopsuestria/Antioch, Identify historyical context of a Biblical text, take it's surface level meaning (no allegory)

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Marcion –

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1st and 2nd century, Rome/Asia Minor, rejected the OT, created his own canon, . . excommunicated and returned to Asia Minor

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Junia

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– 1st century?, location unknown, female apostle mentioned by Paul in Roman 16

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Philo

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– 1st century, Alexandria, father of Alexandrian thought, allegorical interpretation, offered an . intellectual counterpart to gnosticism (another explanation of OT/physical existance)

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Ambrose of Milan –

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4th century, Milan, bishop, allegorical interpretation, teacher of Augustine

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Augustine –

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4th – 5th century, bishop of Carthage, takes on Donatism and Pelagianism,

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Caelestius –

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4th – 5th century, Rome, contemporary and supporter of Pelagius

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Apollinaris

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– 4th century, (teaching condemned by Council of Chalcedon) argued that Christ did not have a rational soul (Platonic 3 part soul . . theory), excommunicated for this

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Nestorius

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– 4th – 5th century, Constantinople, Nestorianism named after him, belief in two totally . . separate persons in Christ, 2 natures 2 persons

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Cyril of Alexandria

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– 4th – 5th century, Alexandria, against Nestorianism, 2 natures 1 person in . . Christ, could be vitriolic in his interactions

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Council of Ephesus –

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431 CE, Ephesus, condemns nestorianism, affirms unity of Christ, . . . hypostatic union

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Dioscorus –

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5th century, Alexandria, supported Eutyches, against Nestorius, argued 1 nature 1 . . person

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Eutyches

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– 5th century, Constantinople, Bishop of Constantinople, Alexandrian Christology

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Flavian –

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5th century, Constantinope, Bishop of Constantinople, Antiochene Christology

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Pope Leo –

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5th century, Rome, “Tome of Leo” - foundational to debates of Chalcedon, 2 natures 1 person (first Pope...right?)

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Irenaeus

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(“Rome’s Preeminent Authority”) - ??