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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cyril Lucaris |
Eastern Orthodox trained in Europe. Patriarch of Alexandria and Constantinople. 1629, published confession that essentially says the reformers are right—uproar, ottoman sultan arranged his murder |
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Patriarch Nicon |
Russia: Old believers (Petrov) vs patriarch Nicon. Nicon wants to make the church more Greek (the fingers in crossing, number of alleluia’s and consents others as heretics). Petrov (and many followers burned at the stake 1682? |
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Avvakum Petrov |
See Nicon. Leader of “old believers” in Russia |
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The way of the pilgrim |
Russian book about mendicant monk trying to figure out how to pay without ceasing and Congress up with the Jesus prayer—have mercy on me a sinner |
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Evangelicalism |
Theological Bebington quadrilateral—conversion, biblical authority, activism, centrality of cross Kidd suggested fifth leg: power of the spirit Theological and historical movement rather than denomination Historical: reformation with 18th century twist (Sweeney)
“An international multi-confessional coalition of Protestants committed to the Bible authority new birth in Christ and global mission” |
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John and Charles Wesley |
Anglicans, the holy club at Oxford, saved after failed missions trip to Georgia.
May 24, 1738– conversion at aldersgate street January 1, 1739– a kind of Pentecost Fetter’s lane 1740–Arminian split with whitefield Wesley and Christian perfectionism—3 fold Grace—prevenient, justifying, sanctifying. “Second work of grace”
Says it eradicated “willful” sin |
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George Whitefield |
Saved Oxford (friends with Wesley’s), Benefactor: lady Huntington 7 missionary tours |
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Jonathan Edward |
Congregationalist, grandson of stoddard. Converted in 1721. Pastor of Northhampton Wrote: a faithful narrative of the surprising work of God (1737) And The distinguishing marks of a work of the spirit of God ( 1741) a rebuttal to Chauncey.
Negative: emotions, works, people talking about religion Positive: well raise people’s love for Jesus, attack Saran’s dominion, creates a thirst for scripture, leads people to the truth, encourages people to love both God and neighbor Wow: an humble attempt to promote extraordinary prayer (1748) |
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Methodist societies |
Plan of pacification (1795) Loosely based on Moravian colleges of pretty. Hierarchical structure, 1 Penny a well did to go towards mission, Vite to promoting “Christian Perfecto” renewal movement within Anglicanism Public conversion Punishment for unrepentant sin Whitefield credited Wesley’s more long lasting success to this structure. |
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Wesleyan Arminian theology |
Grace and holiness 1. Grace: Threefold Grace—prevenient, justifying, sanctifying Second work of grace 3. Holiness—perfectionism
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David Brainerd |
Scottish missionary to native Americans whose journals inspired others like William Carey |
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Charles Chauncey |
Opposed the New England revivals as wild . “Seasonable thoughts on the state of religion in New England “ (1743) |
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Chattel slavery |
Racially based. Middle passage, and trade |
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William wilberforce and the clap ham sect |
Wealthy evangelical religions and political leaders. Activists—global mission and social activism. Founded by Henry Venn.
Abolition, reforming prisons, global mission
Founded newspaper: Christian observer Founded: British foreign Bible society. Slave trade act 1807 Slavery abolition act 1833 |
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John Woolman |
Quaker, abolitionist (successful among Quakers) Date? Successful because by the end of bn his life saying you could not be a Quaker and a slave owner |
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American Revolution |
1775–1781 Declaration of Independence (1776) Battle of Yorktown (1781) Treat of Paris(1783) |
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French Revolution |
1789–1801 Declaration of the rights of man (1789) Civil constitution of the clergy (1790) |
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Industrial Revolution |
Technological advances—spinning Jenny, cotton gin, steam engine, telegraph Socially: Rural to urban factories, not individual owners, changed relationship between producer and products |
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Karl Marx |
1848–communist manifesto (with Engels) 1867–das kapital
Argues the churches spiritualizing things keeps people from experiencing the product of their labor
Proletariat owned means of production |
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Immanuel Kant |
Critique of enlightenment rationalism Pulled heavily from Hume. Challenges empiricism and des cartea. 1781–critique of pure reason—no such thing as objective knowledge 1788–critique of practical reasons—categorial imperative (universal morals; God as pragmatically good) “act in such a manner that your actions can be made a universal rule” ground up argument for God. Christianity is ethics.
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Pius IX |
Becomes very conservative Ineffabilis Deus (1854)—immaculate conception of Mary Syllabus of errors 1864)—-what must Catholics condemn from the modern world? |
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Vatican I |
1869-1870 Papal infallibility when speaking ex cathedra |
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John Henry Newman |
Oxford movement Converted? From Anglican to catholic Wrote: essay on the development of Christian doctrin
Made cardinal and beatified in 2010 |
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Elizabeth fry |
Quaker, prison reform |
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Ymca |
Founded in London 1846? by George Williams. Started as small group Bible study and prayer and care for young men coming by to the city. 1851– comes to B America. Tracy distribution, job training, ice and coal
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William Booth/salvation army |
Was Wesleyan but split off. Concerned about spiritual rather than material conditions. Early adopters to mass communication and religious advertisement. Later becomes more concerned with social work. Wrote: in darkest England and the way out (1890) |
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William Carey |
Missionary to India Expect great things from God attempt great things for God Wrote: an entuerto into the obligation of Christian’s to use means for the conversion of the Heathen (1792) Influential in founding first foreign missionary organization: Baptist missionary society (1792) |
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Evangelical missionary societies |
Ecumenical, lay leadership (to meet a need rather than theological motivated) Strategy: evangelism Bible translation, education, and social Justice.
Baptist missionary society (SPG—society for propagation of the gospel) London missionary society Later denominational societies came— |
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Samuel Mills/ ABCFM |
Haystack prayer meeting. 1810– founds American board of commissioners for foreign missions (ABCFM) first mission society in the U.S. 1812– send first missionaries to India |
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Adoníram and Anne Judson |
Missionary to burmainfluential in founding first American mission agency—Baptist Anne=one of the first female foreign missionaries |
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Hong Xiuquan |
Sled proclaimed younger brother of Jesus. Started cult following—the heavenly kingdom. Started Taiping rebellion—1850-64–huge civil war in China |
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Samuel Ajayi Crowther |
First African Anglican bishop Originally sold into slavery, but taken to Sierra Leone and saved bc and baptized. Established Niger mission with Henry Venn
Advocate for evangelization of African interior by Africans |
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Henry Venn |
Clapham sect; particularly global portion Three self: self-governing, self-supporting, self-propagating Established Níger mission with Crowther |
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Charles Darwin |
Origin of species (1859) Descent of man (1871) Theory of evolution (but perhaps agnostic rather v bc than antagonistic) |
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Biblical criticism |
Application of scientific method and Cartesian doubt |
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David Friedrich Strauss |
Wrote: life of Jesus (1835-36) Supernatural elements of gospels as myth but held to them as historical books |
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David Friedrich Strauss |
Wrote: life of Jesus (1835-36) Supernatural elements of gospels as myth but held to them as historical books |
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Albrecht Ritschl |
Influenced con Harnack Experience as source of truth (vs doctrine); searching for relevance Wrote: what is Christianity ? (1900) Fatherhood of God, brotherhood of man, infinite value of the human soul Jesus as liberators Influential in starting of social gospel movement |
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Adolf von Harnack |
Christianity influenced by Greek thought (Gnosticism) Wrote: What is Christianity (1909) Kingdom of God, good the father and value of human soul, higher righteousness and call to live |
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Karl Barth |
Challenge Protestant liberalism Baremen declaration (confessing church in Germany)
Wrote: church dogmatics Focus on scripture? |
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American fundamentalism |
Militantly opposed Response to liberal theology and cultural change associated with it Distinctives: Dispensations pre-millennialism Holiness doctrine (consecration, altar theology) Second degree separation Verbal inspiraron and infallibility of scripture?
Series: the fundamentals (1909) B.B. Warfield, moule, James Orr |
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Holiness doctrine |
Phoebe Palmer Related to Wesleyan holiness, second kind of spirit work of holiness when we are consecrated on the altar |
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William Jennings’s Bryan |
Conservative Lawyer at scopes trial—evolution in schools in Tennessee Won case, but lost favor on public eye |
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Social gospel |
Rauschenbusch—key figure A theology for social gospel (1919) Kingdom of God and transformation of society on earth (social reform and political action). Often your to evolution (progress of humanity). Bringing in kingdom through ethics. Gospel as transformation of society.
World council of churches (1948) |
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Charles Parham |
Early Pentecostal movement Assemblies of God |
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Charles Parham |
Early Pentecostal movement Assemblies of God |
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William Seymour |
Influential in early Pentecostal movement Assemblies if God |
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Charles Parham |
Early Pentecostal movement Assemblies of God |
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William Seymour |
Influential in early Pentecostal movement Assemblies if God |
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Vatican II |
1962–1965 Pope John XXIII “redefined the church, it’s worship, and it’s place in the modern world “ (p 580) Ecumenism, openness on doctrine and partnership Dialogue |
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Dietrich Bonhoeffer |
Confessing church in Germany Cost of discipleship (1937) “Religionless” or “weirdly Christianity” The church b is concerned with Christ Costly disípelo |
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Francis Willard |
Women’s Christian temperance Union. Advocates for prohibition (1919 18th amendment) and also to alleviate problems caused by alcoholism—abused women, fair wages, kindergartens, job training |
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William Wade Harris |
Born and raised in Liberia, converted to Christianity. Arrested for political activities had angelic vision in prison that he is a prophet. Preaching and healing throughout Western Africa. Power encounters |
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Boxer rebellion |
1899–1901, revolt against western influence (Christianity, trade, culture, opium) besieged the embassy but were defeated and fined 10 billion dollars |
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Traditional college vs modern university |
Modern—not focused on moral formation but on free thought and inquiry (with a view to future industry and wealth building) The goal of the university is not to accommodate modern thought to reveal religion, but to create space for scientific inquiry to run its course (whatever course that might be) |
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German higher criticism |
Scripture contains the word of God—student responsibility to sift out out
Se lee |
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Johann Semler |
Started German higher criticism. Went to Halle. Wants to “free” the Bible from tethers of other disciplines (fruit of faith rather than fruit of science) |
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Friedrich Schleiermacher |
Father of German liberal theology. University of Halle. Still thinks of himself as Christian but denies supernatural. True religion found in intuition or feeling. “The immediate sense bc of the infinite” Wrote: speeches on religion to its culture despisers (1799) Good is whatever we are dependent upon. Wrote: the Christian faith (1821–22) “A Christianity that is believable to modern people) |
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Protestant liberalism |
1.Freedom of the individual thinker 2. God’s immanence rather than his transcendence 3. Bible is a husk hiding unchanging truths 4. Jesus an exemplary human being 5. Sin is due to ignorance (so education =answer) 6. Christianity at its heart is about religious consciousness not dogma |
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Henry Ward Beecher |
Influential in bringing theological liberalism to America around the Civil War Evolution, abolition, God’s love |
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Charles Augustus Briggs |
American Liberal theologian and Presbyterian pastor late 19 to century Scripture—not inerrant, Torah not by Moses, reason and church as sources of revelation, etc Tried for heresy by Presbyterian church |
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Princeton theologians |
Bastión of conservative theology in early 1800s. Calvinist, conservative Later 1800s becomes more liberal and several theologians leave and going Westminster theological seminary J Gresham machen Robert Wilson Van till |
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Charles hodge |
Princeton theologian Argued for authority of scripture Wrote: commentary on Roman’s |
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Benjamin Warfield |
Princeton theologian |
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J Gresham Machen |
Princeton theologian 3rd Gen. Wrote Christianity and liberalism (1923) Started Westminster theological seminary (1929) |
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Karl Barth |
Lack of hope in German higher criticism Wrote: Roman’s commentary (1919) Contributed to Barmen declaration denouncing nazi ideology. Wrote: church dogmatics Neo-orthodoxy: traditional beliefs plus scientific method of higher criticism (also called dialectical theology Distinctives: 1. God’s transcendence (denying any ground up theology) 2. Word of God—Bible, kerygma, Jesus. Bible “becomes” word of God when dynamically preached/received 3. Christomonism—Gods one word to humanity in Christ 4. Christ as the elect and reprobate man |
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Dispensario al pre-millennialism |
God’s grace operating differently toward people in different sections (dispensations) of history. Culmination of promises in millennial reign |
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Phoebe Palmer |
Related to fundamentalist holiness doctrine, but particularly language of altar. 1. Lay life on altar 2. Believe what is on altar is made holy 3. Our Holiness Proclaims what God had done through power of the spirit
“Take my life no and let it be” |
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Harry Emerson Fosdick |
Liberal in fundamentalist-modernist showdown Wrote: shall the fundamentalists win? |
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Shailer Matthews |
Dean of university of Chicago Liberal in fundamentalist-modernist showdown Wrote: faith of modernism Social gospel, evolution |
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Benjamin Warfield |
Princeton theologian |
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J Gresham Machen |
Princeton theologian 3rd Gen. Wrote Christianity and liberalism (1923) Started Westminster theological seminary (1929) |
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Karl Barth |
Lack of hope in German higher criticism Wrote: Roman’s commentary (1919) Contributed to Barmen declaration denouncing nazi ideology. Wrote: church dogmatics Neo-orthodoxy: traditional beliefs plus scientific method of higher criticism (also called dialectical theology Distinctives: 1. God’s transcendence (denying any ground up theology) 2. Word of God—Bible, kerygma, Jesus. Bible “becomes” word of God when dynamically preached/received 3. Christomonism—Gods one word to humanity in Christ 4. Christ as the elect and reprobate man |
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Dispensario al pre-millennialism |
God’s grace operating differently toward people in different sections (dispensations) of history. Culmination of promises in millennial reign |
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Phoebe Palmer |
Related to fundamentalist holiness doctrine, but particularly language of altar. 1. Lay life on altar 2. Believe what is on altar is made holy 3. Our Holiness Proclaims what God had done through power of the spirit
“Take my life no and let it be” |
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Harry Emerson Fosdick |
Liberal in fundamentalist-modernist showdown Wrote: shall the fundamentalists win? |
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Shailer Matthews |
Dean of university of Chicago Liberal in fundamentalist-modernist showdown Wrote: faith of modernism Social gospel, evolution |
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Post-millennialism |
Bringing in the kingdom now, things just getting better |
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Benjamin Warfield |
Princeton theologian |
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J Gresham Machen |
Princeton theologian 3rd Gen. Wrote Christianity and liberalism (1923) Started Westminster theological seminary (1929) |
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Karl Barth |
Lack of hope in German higher criticism Wrote: Roman’s commentary (1919) Contributed to Barmen declaration denouncing nazi ideology. Wrote: church dogmatics Neo-orthodoxy: traditional beliefs plus scientific method of higher criticism (also called dialectical theology Distinctives: 1. God’s transcendence (denying any ground up theology) 2. Word of God—Bible, kerygma, Jesus. Bible “becomes” word of God when dynamically preached/received 3. Christomonism—Gods one word to humanity in Christ 4. Christ as the elect and reprobate man |
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Dispensario al pre-millennialism |
God’s grace operating differently toward people in different sections (dispensations) of history. Culmination of promises in millennial reign |
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Phoebe Palmer |
Related to fundamentalist holiness doctrine, but particularly language of altar. 1. Lay life on altar 2. Believe what is on altar is made holy 3. Our Holiness Proclaims what God had done through power of the spirit
“Take my life no and let it be” |
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Harry Emerson Fosdick |
Liberal in fundamentalist-modernist showdown Wrote: shall the fundamentalists win? |
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Shailer Matthews |
Dean of university of Chicago Liberal in fundamentalist-modernist showdown Wrote: faith of modernism Social gospel, evolution |
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Post-millennialism |
Bringing in the kingdom now, things just getting better |
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Federal council of churches |
Founded 1908 Institutionalization of social gospel |
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Benjamin Warfield |
Princeton theologian |
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J Gresham Machen |
Princeton theologian 3rd Gen. Wrote Christianity and liberalism (1923) Started Westminster theological seminary (1929) |
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Karl Barth |
Lack of hope in German higher criticism Wrote: Roman’s commentary (1919) Contributed to Barmen declaration denouncing nazi ideology. Wrote: church dogmatics Neo-orthodoxy: traditional beliefs plus scientific method of higher criticism (also called dialectical theology Distinctives: 1. God’s transcendence (denying any ground up theology) 2. Word of God—Bible, kerygma, Jesus. Bible “becomes” word of God when dynamically preached/received 3. Christomonism—Gods one word to humanity in Christ 4. Christ as the elect and reprobate man |
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Dispensario al pre-millennialism |
God’s grace operating differently toward people in different sections (dispensations) of history. Culmination of promises in millennial reign |
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Phoebe Palmer |
Related to fundamentalist holiness doctrine, but particularly language of altar. 1. Lay life on altar 2. Believe what is on altar is made holy 3. Our Holiness Proclaims what God had done through power of the spirit
“Take my life no and let it be” |
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Harry Emerson Fosdick |
Liberal in fundamentalist-modernist showdown Wrote: shall the fundamentalists win? |
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Shailer Matthews |
Dean of university of Chicago Liberal in fundamentalist-modernist showdown Wrote: faith of modernism Social gospel, evolution |
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Post-millennialism |
Bringing in the kingdom now, things just getting better |
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Federal council of churches |
Founded 1908 Institutionalization of social gospel |
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World council of churches |
Founded 1948 Institutionalization of social gospel |
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Pentecostalism |
Movement, mid—late 1800s, early 1900s Some international rumblings earlier, but commonly no associated with Azusa street revivals (1906–1909) Connected to Wesleyan holiness—a second work of grace Distinctives: “four square gospel” Christ as savior, Christ as healer, Christ as baptizer (in the Spirit), Christ as coming-again king Tongue add demonstration of authentic spirit baptism |
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Pandora Ramabai |
Born Brahman. Educated and focused on girls education (even pre-conversion) Further education on England, saved through Anglican ministry (but doesn’t stay with Anglicans) Influenced by Minnie Abrams. Pays for revival—tongues, slain in Spirit, burning sensation, thousands saved |
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Azusa Street Revivals |
Parham starts college (Kansas then Texas), second work of grace. Students start speaking in tongues. His student, Seymour (black) goes to LA to preach, April 9,1906, people start to speak bc in tongues, many saved AoG denomination comes from this (1914) |
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Charismatic movement |
Dennis Bennett, Episcopalian priest begins to speak in tongues. Wrote book about it: nine o’clock in the morning Calls for others to follow. Mainline churches begin to embrace charismatic gifts (with less emphasis on tongues as proof). “Third wave” John winner and vineyard churches |
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Oscar Romero |
Catholic bishop in Latin America Assassinated 1980 Critic of violent government and both right and left wing extremists in El Salvador, and the dictator Advocate for our and human rights, “preferential option for the poor” |
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Oscar Romero |
Catholic bishop in Latin America Assassinated 1980 Critic of violent government and both right and left wing extremists in El Salvador, and the dictator Advocate for our and human rights, “preferential option for the poor” |
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Gustavo Gutierrez |
Wrote: theology of liberation (1971) |
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Oscar Romero |
Catholic bishop in Latin America Assassinated 1980 Critic of violent government and both right and left wing extremists in El Salvador, and the dictator Advocate for our and human rights, “preferential option for the poor” |
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Gustavo Gutierrez |
Wrote: theology of liberation (1971) |
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Liberation theology |
“Oriented toward the poor and oppressed. It involves critical reflection on practice; it employs Marxist tools of social analysis; it reads the Bible through the lens of liberation.” |
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Carl F. Henry |
American theologian and neo-evangelical. Professor and then First editor of Christianity today. President of ETS. Organizer of Berlin and Lausanne conferences Wrote: the uneasy conscience of modern fundamentalism (1947); and God, revelation, and authority 1976-1983) “To lead Protestant fundamentalism to a greater intellectual and social engagement with the larger American culture.” (Tiu website) |
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Carl F. Henry |
American theologian and neo-evangelical. Professor and then First editor of Christianity today. President of ETS. Organizer of Berlin and Lausanne conferences Wrote: the uneasy conscience of modern fundamentalism (1947); and God, revelation, and authority 1976-1983) “To lead Protestant fundamentalism to a greater intellectual and social engagement with the larger American culture.” (Tiu website) |
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Bill Graham |
Evangelist “Crusades” LA (1949), bill Graham evangelistic association (1950), London crusade (1954) New York crusade (1957) where fundamentalists and neo-evangelicals divide
Also associated with Berlin and Lausanne conferences? |
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Carl F. Henry |
American theologian and neo-evangelical. Professor and then First editor of Christianity today. President of ETS. Organizer of Berlin and Lausanne conferences Wrote: the uneasy conscience of modern fundamentalism (1947); and God, revelation, and authority 1976-1983); remaking of the modern mind (1947) “To lead Protestant fundamentalism to a greater intellectual and social engagement with the larger American culture.” (Tiu website) |
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Bill Graham |
Evangelist “Crusades” LA (1949), bill Graham evangelistic association (1950), London crusade (1954) New York crusade (1957) where fundamentalists and neo-evangelicals divide
Also associated with Berlin and Lausanne conferences? |
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Neo-evangelicalism |
Less separatist than fundamentalists? Term coined by Ockenga |
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Tubingen |
Founded by F. C. Baur Biblical critical approach applied to the life of Jesus (demythologizing Jesus)
Is this quest for historical Jesus? And history of va religions schools? |
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Martin Luther King Jr. |
Theological liberal? Process theology, and probably not Virgin birth Wrote: letters from a Birmingham jail (1963) Why we can’t wait (1964) Strength to love (1963) |
