Chs Ap Euro Ch. 14

Front 1

Anti-Clericalism

Back 1

Opposition to the clergy in the wake of the Babylonian Captivity and great schism, which badly damaged the prestige of church leaders

Front 2

Pluralism

Back 2

Religious faiths that differed from the official state religion and were considered politically dangerous

Front 3

Indulgence

Back 3

Way to pay back a sin before death, ensuring that the sinner would get into heaven.

Front 4

Penance

Back 4

Religious act such as praying or fasting done by a sinner looking for an indulgence

Front 5

Purgatory

Back 5

Place where souls on their way to heaven after death went to make amends for their earthly sins

Front 6

Diet of Worms

Back 6

Assembly of the states of the empire in Worms, where Charles V summons Martin Luther and ordered him to recant; Luther responded, "I cannot and will not recant anything."

Front 7

Protestant

Back 7

Originally meant "Lutheran" but with the appearance of protesting sects, it became a general term applied to all non-Catholic Western European Christians

Front 8

Transubstantiation

Back 8

Catholic dogma that by the consecrating words of the priest during Mass, the bread and wine became the actual body of Christ, who then becomes fully present in the bread and wine.

Front 9

"Book of Common Prayer"

Back 9

1549- by archbishop Thomas Cranmer; it included, with the psalter, the order for all services of the Church of England

Front 10

Elizabethan Settlement

Back 10

Label for laws under the parliamentary legislation of Elizabeth's reign. They required outward conformity to the church of England and uniformity in all ceremonies.

Front 11

"The Institutes of the Christian Religion"

Back 11

1536- embodiment of Calvin's theologies and ideas: belief in the absolute sovereignty and omnipotence of God and the total weakness of humanity. Men and women cannot work to achieve salvation, God already decided who would be saved and who would be damned.

Front 12

Predestination

Back 12

Calvin's theology that internal life is foreordained for some and eternal damnation for others.

Front 13

Holy Office

Back 13

Established by Pope Paul III; with the jurisdiction over the Roman Inquisition, a powerful instrument of the Catholic refrigeration.

Front 14

Jesuits

Back 14

"The Society of Jesus" founded by Ignatius Loyola; played a large international role in resisting spread of Protestantism, converting Asians in Latin American Indians to Catholicism, and spreading Christian education all over Europe

Front 15

Huguenots

Back 15

French Calvinists

Front 16

Iconoclasm

Back 16

The process of destroying religious images or opposing their veneration

Front 17

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Back 17

Wedding between Margaret of Valois and Henry of Navarre, intended to reconcile Catholics and Huguenots; Huguenot wedding guests in Paris were massacred, Protestants were slaughtered by mobs, religious phone with Sprint to provinces, thousands were killed; led to a Civil War that dragged on for 15 years. Destroyed agriculture, commercial life declined, starvation and death were rampant

Front 18

Politiques

Back 18

Small group of moderates of both faiths; only the restoration of strong monarchy could reverse the trend toward collapse

Front 19

Edict of Nantes

Back 19

Published by Henry IV in 1598- Liberty of conscience and of public and warship to Huguenots in 150 fortified towns; prepared the way for French absolutism in the 17th century by helping restore internal peace in France

Front 20

Union of Utrecht

Back 20

Union led by Holland and formed by the seven northern provinces; declared their independence from Spain in 1581

Front 21

Misogyny

Back 21

Hatred of women expressed during European witch hunt: women had "powerful sexual desires that could only be satisfied by demonic lovers"