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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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majority of CKD is caused by?
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70% by diabetes and HTN
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Stages of CKD?
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1. damage w/ normal GFR, dx and rx.
2. damage w/ dec GFR. estimate progression 3. Moderately Dec GFR. Rx complications 4. Severely Dec GFR. Prep for RRT 5. Failure. RRT |
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Characteristics of 75-80% loss of nephrons?
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Electrolytes and water excretion OK
Accumulation of waste products-->pruritis, dec appetite, etc |
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Characteristics of complete RF?
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Generalized Edema
Acidosis High [waste products] High [phosphates and K] |
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Evaluation of CKD?
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Previous Cr
Severe azotemia w/o Sx's Anemia Small Kidneys Waxy or broad casts |
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consequences of RF?
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HTN
Osteodystrophy Anemia Malnutrition |
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How does metabolic bone disease develop?
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Imparied phosphorous excretion-->hyperphosphatemia-->hypoCa-->hyperPTH
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Rx for metabolic bone disease?
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Phosphate restriction
Phosphate binders (Ca acetate, sevelamer, lanthunum...) Vit D |
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CKD causes what type of anemia?
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Normochromic, normocytic
can lead to Fe def too |
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Rx for CKD Anemia?
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EPO!
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Biochemical Abnormalities of CKD?
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HyperK
Hyperphosphatemia HypoCa HypoNa Isothenuria Metabolic Acidosis |
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preferred HTN rx's in CKD?
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ACE-I
ARBs also diuretics and CCB's |
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BP goal for CKD?
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< 130/80
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When do you initiate Dialysis?
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Cr Cl < 10ml/min, Cr > 8mg/dL in non diabetics
Cr Cl < 15, Cr > 6 in diabetics earlier for uremic Sx's too (like not eating) |
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General Sx's of uremia?
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fatigue, weakness, insomnia, look sallow
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Skin sx's of uremia?
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Pruritis
Edema |
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Plumonary Sx's of Uremia
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dyspnea
rales |
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Cardio Sx's of uremia?
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Dyspnea, chest pain, HTN
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ENT sx's of uremia?
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metallic taste, stank breath
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GI Sx's of uremia?
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anorexia
N&V hiccups |
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GU sx's of uremia?
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nocturia
impotence Isothenuria (can't concentrate pee) |
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Neuromuscular Sx's of uremia?
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RLS
cramps asterixis |
