Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia involves what pathological process? |
Mature B cells that have escaped programmed cell death and undergone cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase |
|
|
How common is it? |
The most common leukemia forming 25% of all leukemias. With an incidence of 1 in 25,000 |
|
|
What staging is involved and describe the stages? |
Rai staging
0 - Lymphocytosis alone 1 - Lymphocytosis + lymphadenopathy 2 - Lymphocytosis + spleno- or hepatomeagly 3 - Lymphocytosis + anaemia (<11g/dL) 4 - Lymphocytosis + platelets <100x10^9/l |
|
|
What symptoms does CLL often present with and how is it usually found? |
None Often found as part of a routine FBC pre-op |
|
|
If severe what symptoms may present? |
B symptoms: Weight loss Anorexia Night sweats |
|
|
Name three signs that may be evident upon examination of CLL? |
Bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly Hepatomegaly |
|
|
What kind of anaemia may occur as result of CLL? |
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, usually WAHA |
|
|
What infections may be present as a result of CLL? |
There is an increased infection risk due to hypoglobulinaemia: Especially herpes zoster Death is usually due to infection i.e. pneumococcus haemophilus meniingococcus candida aspergillosis |
|
|
What can CLL transform into? |
Aggressive Lymphoma (Richter's syndrome) |
|
|
What is the prognosis for CLL? |
1/3 will never progress 1/3 will progress in time 1/3 will be actively progressing |
|
|
What correlates with rate of progression? |
CD23 and B2 microglobulin |
|
|
Treatment? |
Fludarabine + Cyclophosamide
Steroids to help AIH
Radiotherapy to stop lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly
Supportive care such as human Ig/transfusions
|
|
|
What is Richter Transformation? |
CLL to Large B-cell lymphoma |
|
|
What is Evan's syndrome? |
AIHA and ITP |
