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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromatin
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shape of one of the 46 strands of DNA when not in the process of dividing. This is the form it is in most of the time (interphase) and when it is being used for transcription
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chromosome
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a condensed unit of DNA, held at one point by a centromere. This is the name given in general to one of the 46 of them, which are in 23 pairs in each cell
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sister chromatid
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one half of a replicated chromosome before anaphase or anaphase II occurs-the 2 halves are attached at this point
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daughter chromosome
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each half of a chromosome during anaphase or anaphase II-still in the same cell as the other half
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centromere
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the small area which connects 2 sister chromatids
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centrioles
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moves to opposite poles during prophase and organizes spindle fibers
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spindle fibers
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the "track" to which chromosomes attach before dividing
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homologous
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chromosomes coding for the same information-they are pairs
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karyotype
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an organized "picture" of chromosomes, lined up by pairs and by height and banding patterns
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diploid
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normal # of chromosomes, stands for 2 of each kind, or 2 sets, represented by the symbol 2n, in humans it is 46
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haploid
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only one of each kind of chromosome (half the pair), it is one set of chromosomes, shown by n, in humans it is 23
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triploidy
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3 entire sets of chromosomes, in humans it is 69
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trisomy
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3 of one of the chromosomes, the human number is 47
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monosomy
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1 of one of the chromosomes, the human number is 45
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tetrad
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4 sister chromatids (joined by synapsis) seen in metaphase I
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polar cells
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small discarded cells which help to eliminate the excess chromosomes from egg formation (oogenesis)
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autosomes
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chromosomes whcih are nto involved with teh determination of gender
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somatic (body)
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cells which are not involved with making sperm or eggs (gametes). Only MEITOSIS
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germ
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general term for cells which will become the gametes MEIOSIS
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telomere
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"end" of the chromosome whcih gets shorter each division; prevents "unraveling" of the chromosome
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apoptosis
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programmed cell death
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spermatogenesis
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form of meiosis which is the process of making sperm
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oogenesis
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form of meiosis which is the process of making eggs
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gametes
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sex cells which are haploids
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zygote
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union of 2 gametes. It is a diploid
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mitosis
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dividing of the nucleus and the chromosomes so identical genetic material given to daughter cells
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cytokinesis
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dividing of the cytoplasm
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meiosis
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process for making haploid cells
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nondisjunction
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failure of a chromosome to divide; results in trisomy
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farrow
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term for the "line" where an animal cell is dividing
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cell plate
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term for the structure formed where a plant cell is dividing
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polyploidy
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many sets of chromosomes
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