Christianity & Western Culture

Front 1

What is not an important belief or value in ancient Judaism?

Back 1

Polytheism.

Front 2

The Hellenistic Era was inaugurated by who?

Back 2

Alexander the Great.

Front 3

Hellenistic Religion insisted on the worship of Apollo as the one supreme God. [True/False]

Back 3

False.

Front 4

The story of ancient and medieval Christina history belongs to Roman Catholics, but evangelical believers begin their history in the Reformation. [True/False]

Back 4

False.

Front 5

What is not an aspect of Hellenism?

Back 5

Its morality was puritanical.

Front 6

According to the Litfin textbook, the ancient Christian wirders did not place much emphasis on Scripture, but emphasized Tradition instead of the Bible. [True/False]

Back 6

False.

Front 7

What is not a part of the professor's comparison of historical study to standing on the prow of a great ship?

Back 7

The devil spits sea spray in your face.

Front 8

According to Ferguson, the immediate religious context for Christian was provided by Greco-Roman pagan though. [True/False]

Back 8

False.

Front 9

The defining element of Judaism is its expectation of a crucified Messiah. [True/False]

Back 9

False.

Front 10

The majority of the Jews were living in Palestine (Israel & Judah) during the 1st Century. [True/False]

Back 10

False.

Front 11

When we say Christian s follow a linear view of history, we mean:

Back 11

History unfolds toward a divinely-ordained goal.

Front 12

The Church is, by definition:

Back 12

Historical.

Front 13

The idea that the present order is controlled by evil, but will soon end when God dramatically intervenes in history to restore his kingdom, is known as:

Back 13

Apocalypticism.

Front 14

Who was the first philosopher to ask the great questions about the human condition, and to criticize the "unexamined life"?

Back 14

Socrates.

Front 15

Plato and Aristotle both had the same degree of impact on the early Church. [True/False]

Back 15

False.

Front 16

What is a characteristic of primitive Christianity?

Back 16

Diversity.

Front 17

The Roman term for the power which could be obtained though religion is what?

Back 17

Numen.

Front 18

The Jewish Christians who denied the deity of Christ, rejected the Virgin Birth, read only Matthew's Gospel, and were hostile to Paul were known as?

Back 18

Ebionites.

Front 19

Marcion tried to radicalize the Pauline dichotomy between law and Grace into a fundamental separation between Judaism and the religion of Jesus. [True/False]

Back 19

True.

Front 20

In every area of the Roman Empire, the first form of Christinity to take root was orthodox, and only afterwards was it sometimes corrupted by Gnosticism. [True/False]

Back 20

False

Front 21

The first Roman emperor was:

Back 21

Octavian.

Front 22

What is not a core value of the apostolic/orthodox/biblical group within primitive Christianity?

Back 22

The Pope is the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

Front 23

The general who laid siege to Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple was?

Back 23

Titus.

Front 24

After AD 70, the Jewish Christians who moved east into the Decapolis region formed legalistic heretical sects, but eventually repented of their false doctrines and joined the catholic Church. [True/False]

Back 24

False.

Front 25

Petrine Christianity is primarily associated with what area?

Back 25

Rome.

Front 26

The Greek-speaking Jews of the Diaspora who were open to the wider world were known as?

Back 26

Hellenist.

Front 27

Emperor Trajan counseled Pliny the Younger to actively seek out Christians and to execute those who would not blaspheme the name of Jesus. [Ture/False]

Back 27

False.

Front 28

According to the Ferguson textbook, which of the following is true about Marcion?

Back 28

His theology can be described as an exaggerated Pauline gospel of grace.

Front 29

What is not a historical factor conducive to Christianity's spread in its first three centuries?

Back 29

Tax exemption for Clergy.

Front 30

The City of Man and the City of God are defined by having:

Back 30

Different Loves.

Front 31

What is not a characteristic of Augustine's outlook?

Back 31

A vision of a united Empire and Church in which God's kingdom has arrived.

Front 32

In his Confessions, Augustine says, "Our hearts are _______ until they _______ in You.

Back 32

restless......rest.

Front 33

According to the Litfin textbook, when Augustine was about to die, he:

Back 33

Wept and prayed the psalms.

Front 34

When Arianism did not fade away after the Council of Nicaea, which trio fought against the heresy in the late fourth century?

Back 34

The Cappadocian Fathers.

Front 35

The phrase “Athanasius contra mundum” in the Litfin textbook means that Athanasius lived

Back 35

Against the world.

Front 36

What was believed by Arius?

Back 36

The Son was created by the Father.

Front 37

According to the Ferguson textbook, Eusebius said it was Emperor Constantine who insisted on inserting the word homoousios into the Creed of Nicaea (325). [True/False]

Back 37

True.

Front 38

Augustine and Eusebius were in close agreement on their understanding of the relationship of Church and State. [True/False]

Back 38

False.

Front 39

According to the Ferguson textbook, the Council of Nicaea was based on long-standing precedent in which bishops handled their controversies through empire-wide councils of the whole church. [True/False]

Back 39

False.

Front 40

The Council of Nicaea centered on the issue of whether salvation is by faith or by works. [True/False]

Back 40

False.

Front 41

What is not an aspect of Augustine's spiritual journey that led to his conversion?

Back 41

Being confident in his self-controlled and virtuous life.

Front 42

According to the Litfin textbook, Athanasius spent his entire life in Alexandria and never traveled outside of Egypt. [True/False]

Back 42

False.

Front 43

According to the Ferguson textbook, Arius equated “begetting” with:

Back 43

Creating.

Front 44

Augustine's strongly positive legacy from the Donatist controversy can be seen in:

Back 44

His very helpful distinction between the Visible and Invisible Church.

Front 45

According to the 'Friday' film, early Gnostic congregations taught that Jesus died on the cross to provide us knowledge of His bodily substitutionary atonement. [True/False]

Back 45

False.

Front 46

The image of Christ, sometimes appearing similar to Hermes, which reminds us of John 10 is:

Back 46

Good Shepherd.

Front 47

According to Ferguson, a flat wooden panel with a painted image of Christ or a saint is called an:

Back 47

Icon.

Front 48

The main reason that Christians met to worship in catacombs was to avoid persecution at the hands of the Romans. [True/False]

Back 48

False.

Front 49

Why was Augustine so thoroughly against Donatist re-baptism?

Back 49

Augustine believed that 'the power of the work, was in the work being done, and not in the one performing the work.'

Front 50

According to your reading in Coakley & Sterk, John of Damascus said icons can be venerated because of:

Back 50

The Incarnation

Front 51

The question that sparked the Donatist Controversy was, "What should the Church do about Bishops and congregants who had lapsed during the Great Persecution?" [True/False]

Back 51

True.

Front 52

According to the viewpoint taught in the Friday film, the early Christians weren't sure which books were in their canon until Constantine ordered fifty copies of the Bible to be made, and then the Christians finally decided which ones to include.[True/False]

Back 52

True.

Front 53

After Constantine, Christian art takes on a much more triumphalistic tone.

Back 53

True.

Front 54

The main two theological issues of the Donatist controversy were:

Back 54

Baptism and Ecclesiology.

Front 55

Even as a youth, Augustine lived a life above reproach. He was actually sainted because of his flawless conduct in his early life.

Back 55

False.

Front 56

Many of the early monastics withdrew to the desert because they saw themselves as carrying on the legacy of the martyrs.

Back 56

True.

Front 57

The figure emphasized in the Friday film as a founder of monasticism in the early church was:

Back 57

St. Anthony.

Front 58

What is not represented in ancient Christian art?

Back 58

Images of Plato's Allegory of the Cave.

Front 59

Of the following groups, which one thought of Christ as a “mere man” just like us, and so did not believe in his divinity?

Back 59

Adoptionists

Front 60

The orthodox definition of Christology from Chalcedon holds that Mary is the "Mother of God." [True/False]

Back 60

True.

Front 61

Primitive Christianity was marked by?

Back 61

Diversity.

Front 62

The Creed of Nicaea emphasized the word “homoousios” which means “different substance.” [True/False]

Back 62

False.

Front 63

The conqueror who ushered in the age of Imperial Christianity was who?

Back 63

Constantine.

Front 64

Apollinaris said that in Christ, the Logos took the place of the human soul, so Christ was not a human exactly like you and me. [True/False]

Back 64

True.

Front 65

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge occurred in the year:

Back 65

312 A.D.

Front 66

According to the Litfin textbook, the Christology of Cyril of Alexandria and Leo is the same as what Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Evangelical Christians teach today. [True/False]

Back 66

True.

Front 67

According to Ferguson, there was a great rivalry between?

Back 67

Alexandria and Antioch.

Front 68

When the New Testament quotes Psalm 2:7, “You are my Son; today I have begotten thee,” some interpreters said it was teaching:

Back 68

Adoptionism.

Front 69

Chalcedonian Christology teaches two Persons with one Nature existing in Hypostatic Union. [True/False]

Back 69

False.

Front 70

The person who believed "There was when Christ was not" was:

Back 70

Arius.

Front 71

What is not a belief of the Gnostics?

Back 71

Jesus Christ was a real man who came in true human flesh to teach us wisdom.

Front 72

Paul of Samosata was a representative of:

Back 72

The Adoptionists.

Front 73

What is not a distinctive of the Antiochene outlook?

Back 73

Mary as the God-Bearer.

Front 74

According to the "Letter on the Life and Work of Ulfila," this missionary held to what theological view?

Back 74

Arianism.

Front 75

According to the "Letter on the Life and Work of Ulfila" this missionary evangelized which people group?

Back 75

Barbarian Goths.

Front 76

Which of the following was the Frankish king that accepted catholic Christianity in 496?

Back 76

Clovis.

Front 77

The chief of the Cynics, Diogenes, lived a minimalistic lifestyle and felt it was his duty to critique the social norms of his day. [True/False]

Back 77

True.

Front 78

Which ancient Christian group evangelized Persia, India, and China?

Back 78

Nestorians.

Front 79

The disciple Thomas is associated with the evangelization of China, and he even wrote Christian texts in ancient Chinese. [True/False]

Back 79

False.

Front 80

The group which paralleled the early Christians in their refined view of God, whose worship must include purity, abstinence, a sacred meal, and lists of moral responsibilities, was

Back 80

The Neo-Pythagoreans.

Front 81

Early Christian asceticism had a theological foundation in the Scriptures. [True/False]

Back 81

True.

Front 82

Individual monasticism was known as:

Back 82

Eremitic

Front 83

According to the reading from Athanasius, which is NOT true of St. Anthony?

Back 83

He avoided all fasting so as not to partake of Roman Catholic legalism.

Front 84

The founder of Western Monasticism was:

Back 84

Benedict.

Front 85

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of life at Moody that reflects the values of ancient monasticism?

Back 85

A self-reliant lifestyle.

Front 86

Which of the following is NOT an historical motive for the ascetic impulse?

Back 86

The desire to earn salvation through holy works.

Front 87

Women were excluded from the monastic life in the early church.

Back 87

False.

Front 88

According to the reading in the Russian Primary Chronicle, the figure who converted the Russians to Eastern Orthodoxy was Emperor Justinian.

Back 88

False./

Front 89

What is not a reason that the bishop of Rome had special prestige?

Back 89

Rome allowed its bishop to wear a big pointy hat.

Front 90

The Roman Catholic Church came into existence when Constantine created it in 313 AD. [True/False]

Back 90

False.

Front 91

The term “Byzantine Empire” is used because:

Back 91

Constantinople was an expansion of the ancient town of Byzantium.

Front 92

Constantine intended to make his city into a New Rome which would not be infected with the paganism of classical Rome. [True/False]

Back 92

True.

Front 93

Irenaeus suggested that in an informal way the church in Rome has great prestige, authority, and leadership [True/False]

Back 93

True.

Front 94

The theology of the papacy, as drawn from the giving of the keys in Matthew 16:18-19, is called:

Back 94

Petrine Ministry.

Front 95

Eastern Orthodox monasticism is centered upon:

Back 95

Mt. Athos.

Front 96

The "Gelasian doctrine" taught that:

Back 96

The authority of priests is greater than the authority of kings.

Front 97

Who is sometimes called “the first Pope” because he gave special meaning to the word ‘pope’ and advanced the idea of the Petrine Ministry?

Back 97

Leo the Great.

Front 98

The rise of the papal authority can be described as a process in which early, informal prestige eventually came to be formalized in specific rights and prerogatives of the bishop of Rome. [True/False]

Back 98

True.

Front 99

Which of the following was a missionary to the Slavs?

Back 99

Methodius.

Front 100

Which of the following is NOT a central theological principle of Eastern Orthodox Christianity?

Back 100

The need to constantly adapt theology so that it can change with the times.

Front 101

Which of the following descriptions does not fit Justinian?

Back 101

He was named Pope in 514 AD.

Front 102

What is not one of the five major sees of Christianity?

Back 102

Athens.

Front 103

What is not a characteristic of Celtic Christianity?

Back 103

It was regulated by the bishop of Rome.

Front 104

In Eastern Orthodox theology, the idea that “God became man so that man might be made divine” is known as:

Back 104

Theosis.

Front 105

The early medieval period was defined by the ongoing struggle between:

Back 105

The altar and the throne.

Front 106

Who wanted to make the Angles into angels?

Back 106

Gregory the Great, bishop of Rome.

Front 107

The basic unit of early medieval social organization in Western Europe was:

Back 107

The feudal manor

Front 108

Who said, “Our hearts are restless, until they rest in You”?

Back 108

Augustine

Front 109

After Constantine, Christian art became more expensive, lavish, and triumphalistic. [True/False]

Back 109

True.

Front 110

Julius Caesar conquered Brittania, made it a Roman province, and built a wall across the island to guard it against his enemies to the north. [True/False]

Back 110

False.

Front 111

“Political Augustinianism” teaches that the church and state are to be melded into a single entity, so that the kings can decide who gets to be the next Pope. [True/False]

Back 111

False.

Front 112

According to the analogy used in class, the “birth of Europe” refers to the child of a gentlemanly Germanic father with highly-refined manners, and a low-class Greco-Roman mother with loose morals. [True/False]

Back 112

False.

Front 113

What was not a way that the Church tried to channel or control aristocratic violence?

Back 113

The papal claim that the New Testament teaches pacifism and non-violence.

Front 114

When Augustine of Canterbury landed in England, it was a pagan land that had never before experienced any form of Christianity. [True/False]

Back 114

False.

Front 115

Which was the earliest of the following people groups to settle in the British Isles?

Back 115

The Celts.

Front 116

In feudalism, a vassal swears to provide military service to his lord, and in exchange is awarded a fief to be cultivated by serfs who must pay rent. [True/False]

Back 116

True.

Front 117

The Gnostics believed in salvation through:

Back 117

Knowledge.

Front 118

In a decisive battle in 732, the Muslim invasion into Europe was stopped by which man?

Back 118

Charles the Hammer.

Front 119

The “Great Schism” refers to what?

Back 119

The excommunication of the Eastern patriarch, leading to a division between Catholics and Eastern Orthodox.

Front 120

The dynastic family of Charlemagne is known as the:

Back 120

Carolingians.

Front 121

Simony refers to:

Back 121

Paying money for church office.

Front 122

The Lay Investiture Controversy was about:

Back 122

Who could appoint bishops.

Front 123

After the Vikings eventually stopped raiding, they settled in the conquered lands and came to be known as Normans.

Back 123

True.

Front 124

The most powerful Pope ever was:

Back 124

Innocent III

Front 125

Gothic architecture was not characterized by what:

Back 125

Rounded Arches

Front 126

Which of the following is NOT a reason that Pope Gregory the Great took on political rights and duties, and in so doing added to the power and prestige of the papacy?

Back 126

He had an ambition for power and wanted to dominate the world.

Front 127

What is not true of the Church at the end of the Early Middle Ages:

Back 127

Church leadership was completely pure and helped to maintain the ideal of the Church functioning as a city on a hill.

Front 128

Which is not true of the reign of Charlemagne?

Back 128

The dynasty he founded continued in the Byzantine Empire

Front 129

According to the “Dictates of the Pope” by Gregory VII, all princes should kiss the feet of the Pope. [True/False]

Back 129

True.

Front 130

The term “Gregorian Reforms” refers to the efforts by Pope John XII to allow priests to be married so they would have a proper outlet for their God-given sexual desires

Back 130

False.

Front 131

According to the Friday film, who was the valiant ruler who took up arms and fought the cruel Roman occupation of Britain?

Back 131

Queen Boudicca.

Front 132

According to the Friday film, the great new military development of the Vikings was what?

Back 132

Longships that could sail up rivers.

Front 133

The universities of the Middle Ages arose out of which two medieval institutions?

Back 133

The cathedral schools and the monastic orders.

Front 134

According to the Friday film, the Peasant's (or People's) Crusade was a source of great joy to the citizens of Europe, who rejoiced to have the Crusaders pass through their lands. [True/False]

Back 134

False.

Front 135

Which is not a characteristic of Scholasticism?

Back 135

Rejection of theology as having any value

Front 136

According to the Friday film, the monks at Lindisfarne staged a courageous defense against the Vikings in 793 AD and drove them from England forever. [True/False]

Back 136

False.

Front 137

The Great Persecution under Diocletian ended in the year...

Back 137

313.

Front 138

According to the Friday film, Viking explorers landed in

Back 138

Iceland, Greenland, & Newfoundland

Front 139

The theology of Eusebius and others who argue that the church and state are intertwined and the emperor is God’s chosen instrument to reign in God’s place on earth is called

Back 139

Imperial Theology.

Front 140

According to the Friday film, St. Francis could not bring himself to create a highly regulated brotherhood, and was far more noted for his spiritual prayers than strict rules: [True/False]

Back 140

True.

Front 141

According to the Friday film, what significant event occurred during the Fourth Crusade?

Back 141

The sack of Constantinople.

Front 142

For Augustine, the City of God is made up of all those who __________ God.

Back 142

Love.

Front 143

According to the Friday film, what is considered a case for the jewel of the body of Christ in the Mass?

Back 143

The cathedral.

Front 144

Which description best characterizes Scholasticism as presented in class?

Back 144

Active Questioning.

Front 145

The medieval monastic order most consistently oriented toward scholarship and scholastic theological inquiry was:

Back 145

The Dominicans.

Front 146

According to one of our early lectures, the Gospel is not culturally dependent, but is only culturally transcendent. [True/False]

Back 146

False.