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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John the Baptist
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Baptized Jesus Christ
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Sadduces
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Relatively well-off
§ Accepted the status Quo o Roman rule (seen as collaborators) o Greek culture (Helllenistic) § Other three groups wanted change and worked for it o All hoped Yahweh would intervene o All believed that the Jews needed to do something to move Yahweh to act again |
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Essenes
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§ Believe society was too corrupt and that Yahweh would never allow Judaism to be renewed in society
§ They dropped out of society § Lived communally, pious disciplined lives of fasting, prayer, purification and study § Qumaran, Dead Sea Scrolls |
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Pharisees
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§ Stayed in society (scribes and officials of the Temple)
§ Tried to renew society from within by strict adherence to Mosaic Law § The Pharisees equated strict adherence to the Law with piety (future rabbis) § The Pharisees were seen as the religious representatives of the Jewish community |
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Zealots
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§ Like Pharisees but favored armed revolt against the Romans to passive resistance
§ They sought recruits from among the youth of the Jewish community § Assassinated sadduces § In 66-70 CE Great Jewish Revolt they rose in revolt and were defeated at Masada preferred suicide to surrender § This led the Romans to destroy the Temple in 70 CE and disperse the Jews |
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Incarnation
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§ Jesus as logos = incarnation of the divine Word
§ Means that Christ is God in human form § Christ is both truly God and truly human § The dogma that Christ’s nature was truly divine was established as dogma in 325 CE at the first Ecumenical Council at Nicea when it was decided the Christ and God the father were one o This countered the Arian Heresy § This become official dogma of the Church in 451 CE a the 4th Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon |
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Atonement
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to recover wholeness
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The doctrine of atonement
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through Christ’s life and death, the gap between God and largely been closed
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Paul wrote in 2 Corinthians 5:19
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“In Christ God was reconciling the world to himself”
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two ways to understand Atonement
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In Middle Ages: to compensate for Adam’s sins
o In later Christianity : to release humanity from the bondage of sin § Christ suffered as a human to release us from our attachment to ourselves |
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Trinity
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While God is one, God is also three
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Doctrine of the Trinity
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o Disciples were Jews and believed in Yahweh, the creator
o Disciples saw Jesus a Yahweh’s extension in the world o The disciples came to believe in the Holy Spirit |
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God’s essence is love, love necessitates in relationships therefore...
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the three Persons of the Triune God must have excisted even prior to the creation of the world. Otherwise, before the creation, there would be no relationships, and thus no love
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451 CE Chalcedon
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Responded to continuing questions concerning the nature of Christ
§ How could Christ be both God and Human? § Declared the Jesus Christ is homoousios (coessential) with God and homoousious with man § “One and the same Christ, in two natures, without divisions and without separation |
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Gnosticism
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Matter is eternal and evil
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Gnosticism
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Only the realm of the spirit it good
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Gnosticism
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Only certain people are capable of living a spiritual life and attaining mystical knowledge
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Gnosticism
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Jesus Christ if pure spirit, not a man
§ He brought saving knowledge to people who are capable of living a life of the spirit |
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Gnosticism
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Was opposed by the Apostles Creed
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Ebionism
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Jesus Christ is only a good man
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Ebionism
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He was a prophet
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Ebionism
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Jesus was not divine
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320 CE
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“The Arian Heresy” also known as the “Trinitarian Controversy”
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Arian heresy
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§ Arius was a priest
§ Claimed that Jesus was not of divine substance but a creation of God § Believed in one indivisible God § Believed that if the Son was equal to the father there would be more than one God § Destroys the mediating function of the Logos |
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The Creed of Nicea (325 CE)
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o Declared Arius and his followers heretics
o Declared that Christ the Son was co-substantial (sharing the same substance) = homo-ousion as God o Arius was exiled to Illyria and other bishops among his followers to Theognis and Gaul o Arianism remained continued to influence Christianity until the Medieval period |
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Four Reactions of Jews under Roman rule due to political situations (heavily taxed, etc)
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Sadduces
Zealots Essenes Pharisees |
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The Russian Pilgrim
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Prayer of The Heart
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The Prayer of the Heart
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§ Theology of the Eastern Orthodox Church
§ Prayer of the Heart = Hesychasm |
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Hesychasm
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The science of prayer or the prayer of the heart cultivated within the Orthodox Church. The practices of the Hesychasm go back to Christ and this tradition possesses an uninterrupted oral teaching which became gradually formulated and formalized from the eleventh to the fourteenth century by such masters as Symeon the New Theologian, Nikephoros the Monk, and Gregory the Sinaite who established the Hesychasm on Mount Athos
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Thomas Merton
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Trappist monk and widely influential twentieth century Catholic writer
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Thomas Merton
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There is only one problem in which all my existence, my peace, and my happiness depend: to discover myself in discovering God
§ Grace |
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Thomas Merton
True Joy |
The only true joy on earth is to escape from the prison of our own false self, and enter by love into union with the Life Who dwells and sings within the essence of every creature an in the core of our own souls.
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Thomas Merton
The Difference between Pleasure and Joy |
Do not look for rest in any pleasure, because you were not created for pleasure; you were created for JOY. And if you do not know the difference between pleasure and spiritual joy you have not yet begun to live.
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Contemplation
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spontaneous awe at the sacredness of life…. It is gratitude for life, for awareness and for being. It is a vivid realization for the fact of life and being proceed from an invisible, transcendent, and infinitely abundant source
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Synoptic Gospels
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Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John
“viewing together” |
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Mathew
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presupposes messianic community; scriptural references to a Jewish audience; presumes the authority of the Torah; opens with the genealogy of Jesus as a descendent of King David; portrays Jesus among the Jewish prophets like Isaiah, Moses “our of Egypt have I called my son”; fulfilled scriptures
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Mark
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earliest of the gospels; first and the shortest; the ministry of Jesus; no mention of trinity, virgin birth, miracles; cruxification: “My God, My God, why have you forsaken me”
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Luke
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affirms Christianity has Jewish roots; more details than Mark on baptism, ministry, and trial; birth of Jesus in Bethlehem; omen, portents, miracles, and healing; reflects that Luke had a Greek readership in mind, presenting a Jewish savior
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Gospel of John
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work of a different nature; a major theological work of the cosmic significance of Jesus as savior and messiah.
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Paul’s Letters
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50-60 CE
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Constantine
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311 CE
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Q = source
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§ In the nineteenth century, scholars postulated a separate hypothetical source for the parable material not found in Mark. They assumed that another document, containing the teachings of Jesus, has not come down to us but was used by both Luke and Matthew.
§ Luke and Mathew may have booked worked from different manuscripts of “Q” |
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The Nous
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The mind descends into the heart and is illuminated by God, it perceives God
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Theosis
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§ Become one with God
§ Union with God |
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Logos
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incarnation of the divine Word
(Jesus) Disciples: what they saw, heard, felt |
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64-70 CE
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The Great Jewish Revolt
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381 CE
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Christianity becomes the official religion of the Roman Empire
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Ekklesia
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Christians/ Messiah folk/Those called apart
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Council of Nicaea
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325 CE
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Historical Jesus
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§ Born a Jew in Palenstine 4 BCE
§ Grew up in Nazareth § Baptized by John the Baptist § Taught in Galilee § Was crucified at the age of 33 |
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How did Jesus appear to his disciples and followers?
Concluded that he was divine because.... |
o (1) what they saw him do
o (2) what they heard him say o (3) what they felt him be |
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Two Main attributes of first Christians
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Mutual love for their brothers and sisters
Joy beyond all bounds |
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“I am the vine you are the branches”
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Earliest image of the relationship between Jesus and his disciples
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“God became man so man could become God”
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§ Said by Iranaeus, 200 CE, Bishop of Lyon
§ Doctrine of Incarnation |
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Sacraments of the Catholic Church (7) (Channels of Divine Grace)
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1. Baptism
2. Confirmation 3. Holy Matrimony 4. Holy Orders 5. Sacrament of the Sick 6. Reconcilition (confession) 7. Mass |
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Channels of Divine Grace
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Sacraments of the Catholic Church (7)
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teaching authority
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the Church in 380 CE
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how does the teaching authority preserve faith
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o Interpreters of the bible and Jesus teachings
o Protect the teachings and traditions |
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1054 CE
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the Eastern Orthodox split with Rome
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Why Eastern Orthodox Split
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o Before 1054 Patriarch of Rome – one among equals
o Unanimity on fewer issues o Ways in which dogmas are reached |
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Visible Church
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People who know they are Christians
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Invisible Church
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People who live pious lives but may not be Christians; Church before physical
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Epistemology (5)
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What are valid sources of knowledge?
§ Textual Sources § Jesus as the Logos § Church as the “Teaching Authority” § Personal Faith (Protestantism) § Saints and Holy men and women |
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Anthropology (7)
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What are human beings?
§ Humans made in the image of God § Concept of Original Sin § Beings in the need of restoration (out of balance with being) § God’s beloved children § Branches of the church (visible/invisible) § Members of the Mystical Body of Christ § Servants of God and Jesus |
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Teleology (9)
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What is the purpose of life?
§ Justifies one faith in God (personally) § Become one with God (Theosis, Orthodox) § Accept Christ as Savior § Achieve salvation through Christ § Serve one’s sisters and brothers § Be like Jesus § Be childlike, innocent in your love of Jesus § Participate in the body of Jesus, the church § Know the truth of God intimately (Gnostics) |
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Methodology (9)
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How do you achieve the purpose?
§ Study the bible § Attend church § Spread the Good News § Accept Church Doctrine § Participate in the Sacraments (7) § Justify yourself through faith § Follow Christ’s and his disciples example § Join a monastery (catholic and orthodox) § Become one with God (Theosis and Orthodox) |
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Ontology (7)
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What is real?
§ God = Father, son, and holy spirit § Matter and spirit mediated by logos § The natural and the supernatural worlds § Good and evil (Gnostics) § Heaven = Kingdom of God § This world and the hereafter § Protestants Principle |
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Icons
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(Eastern Othodoxy)
"Windows to heaven" Saints are the heroes to the spirit |
