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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of Roman Emperors?
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Emperors are generally military generals
- If one of them retires both of them of retires - |
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What happened in 31 to 14 CE?
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Christianity is not largely present in the Roman Empire
-Romans want stability in succession |
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What happened in the Second Century?
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no nation wide persecution of Christians
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What happened in the Third Century?
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instability in the Roman Empire
-Empire Suffers then the Gods are not happy |
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Who is Diocletian?
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- a emperor who is the Father of the Great Persecution 313 ce
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Who are the Augusti's?
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Diocletian & Maximian
- second emperor |
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Who are the Caesars?
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Galerius & Constantius I
- junior emperors |
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Who are martyrs?
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died for witnessing about Christ
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Who are confessors?
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are beatened and tortured but survived
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Who are Rigorists?
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maintain the purity of the Church
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How was persecution of Christians carried out?
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-it was local usually not widespread persecution
-Roman Government did not hunt out Christians -also by the Jews and the Roman Empire |
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What is the Edict of Toleration?
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- the government will not seek out and persecute Christians
-Passed during Galerius |
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What was the Edict of Milan?
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a act passed the forbade the persecution of the Christians
- restore Christian Property - Not made the only religon of the Empire until Theodosius -passed during Constantine |
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What were the characteristics of Constantine's Conversion?
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-wanted a religion that would bring stability to the government
- was a hollow Christianity, no strong sense of Christian Practice |
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What did Constantine do for Christianity?
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-built Christian structures
- free slaves - Sunday is Lord's Day -Remove taxes and civic obligations of clergy -removed disabilities imposed on monks Legalized bequests - use of Councils stability |
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Who are the Apologist Fathers?
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- 90 - 150 ce
-1-2 century - not the father of the Apostles -Students of Jesus's Disciples -New Leaders after the apostle -First Body of Literature beyond the New Testament |
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What are the writings of the Apologetic Fathers?
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Ignatius of Antioch
Polycarp Didache 2 Clement More on Blackboard |
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What is 1 Clement about?
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Written to the Fourth Bishop of Rome
-Young People kicked out the elders -Wanted peace, unity, and obedience -Bishop of Rome carries influence -about the Corinthians |
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What are the seven letters of Ignatius of Antioch about?
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went to Rome for Martyrdom
-Organization of the Church -Defense of faith against heresy -what its like being a martyr |
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What is the Epistle of Barnebas about?
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Its anti Jewish/Anti Pagan
-authore unknown -critics the rivals of Christianity |
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What is Didache about?
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-teachings of Christian Life and Practice
-Two Ways/Paths -Explains Church Practices like Baptism, Eucharist, and Fastings - the Church leaders should be prophets and apostles |
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What is the Shepard of Hermes about?
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apocalyptically call for repentance
-Problem - sin after Baptism -Solution - one mulligan or chance |
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What picture emerges after the Apostolic Fathers?
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External Influences- Judaism, Paganism, Philosophical Schools
Internal Influences - Orthodoxy and Rival Views 5 things that emerge - organ and leadership in the Church -Christian Life - The State and the Church -Theological Themes |
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What does the Organization and Leadership of the Church look like?
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-Overseers, Elders, and Deacons
Look at Powerpoint |
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What is monoepiscopacy?
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the authority of a single bishop/ministry over a region
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What are the reasons for monoepiscoacy?
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-no set time, no set place
-no set literature -leadership in the midst of persecution -Discipline -Adminstration of Charity - |
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How was the worship during the A. Fathers?
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Baptism
-Tribune Formula -Running water or pour Fasting -Wed and Friday - Different from Judaism Prayer - Lord's Prayer - Three times a day |
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What happened to Christians when they persecuted?
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Martyrdom - ultimate fulfillment of witness to Christ
-Gift from God, dont seek it out |
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What are theological themes?
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-Faith and doctrines
-Scripture -Countering Heretical tendencies about Jesus Ask the question "What is the Church" -Christ is the head - local and Universal(catholic) Eucharist- Thanksgiving:source of grace |
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Who are the apologists?
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Speech for the defense of Christians
Goals- Alleviate Persecution, Convert non-believers |
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Who is the target of the Apologists?
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-Educated Greeks
-Attitudes towards Christians evolved from public opinion |
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What are the charges against Christians?
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-Allegiances to Christ instead of political leaders
-Atheism towards Roman Gods -Cannibalism/Incest |
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Who is Justin Martyr?
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talked about logos/Reason
Bridge Building Opportunity -associated to rome -Paganism Truth comes from Hebrew Scriptures -Wants the whole truth, not partial |
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Who is Irenaeus?
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Lyons(France)
-student of Polycarp -Wrote "Against Heresies" -became bishop |
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What are the three Safeguards written by Irenaeus?
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Rule of Faith; Development of Creeds
-Apostolic Succession/Bishop -Formation of a Canon |
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Who is Tertullian?
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-located in Carthage
-Defense against calumny -Calumny- Christians are model citizens not against Roman Empire -Discontinuity or a major difference between philosophy and Christianity - Created the Idea of Trinity -Was a Montanist |
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Who is Clement of Alexandria?
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Continuity with Greek thought
-Reason is a major part of Faith -Sought for a universal philosophical Framework |
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Who is Origen of Alexandria?
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a guy who wrote a book to counter the attacks of Celsus that is called "Against Celsus"
-could had believed in reincarnation -Biblical interpretation- Literal, Moral, Allegorical |
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Who is a Celsus?
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a major opponent to Christianity
-Christianity is absurd there was no Resurrection, no virgin birth -Christian Characteristics - Atheists, Immoral, Antisocial, Ignorant |
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What are the three Challenges?
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Gnosticism, Marcionism, Montanism
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What is Gnosticsm?
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Gnoss- Knowledge
-Dualistic - difference between the spirit and the soul -Christ was not fully human -Secrets given to people for salvation -Elitist Salvation- released from the material world to spiritual world -Asthetic- that the body is righteous Libertine- can do whatever with your body |
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What is the Valentinus System?
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God is one and doesnt have contact material
-Demiurge- the one that pooped -Jesus- semidivine, brought by the Aeons -Somatus- no hope for the divine focused on material things - Spirtualists - escape the world by secret knowledge - Psyche- second order of the types of human |
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What is Marcionism?
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-Marcion - a dualist
- the created God or God of the Old Testament is not the same as the New Testament God -Gospel of Luke and Pauls Letter was the only books of his Bible -Anti-Jewish -Started the canon of the New Testament |
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What is Montanism?
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-created by Montanus
-the Holy spirit is moving -there is a new revelation being revealed by someone other than Jesus -Pepuza is the place of Jesus's return -Moral Rigourious -Discredts prophets in the Church -Return to the Bishops -Discredits the coming of Christ |
