Christian Scriptures Terms (Chap 1)

Front 1

Canon

Back 1

Reed or rod used for measuring or keeping straight. "Normative" or "standard.

Front 2

Tanakh

Back 2

Hebrew canon of Scripture, acronym based on Hebrew titles for Torah, Nevi'im, & Ketuvim

Front 3

Tell

Back 3

Mounds built up over the centuries as communities were destroyed and new ones were built on the same site.

Front 4

Septuagint

Back 4

Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures.

Front 5

Apocrypha

Back 5

Deuterocanonical ("second canon"). Additional Septuagint writings.

Front 6

Textual criticism

Back 6

The process by which scholars try to reconstruct the earliest possible text using the extant manuscripts.

Front 7

Masoretic text

Back 7

Textual criticism begins with a "base text" to which all other manuscripts are compared. Masoretes worked from 500 to 1000 CE to standardize & preserve the Hebrew text.

Front 8

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

Back 8

An edition of Masoretic text of Hebrew Bible in Stuttgart.

Front 9

Codex

Back 9

Ancient book form.

Front 10

Codex Sinaiticus

Back 10

Ancient handwritten hand copy of Greek Bible, contained both Testaments, portions of epistle of Barnabas & Shepherd of Hermas.

Front 11

Papyri

Back 11

Thin-like paper material from papyrus plant.

Front 12

Papyrus 52

Back 12

The oldest manuscript of New Testament.

Front 13

Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (28th ed.)/UBS Greek New Tetament (4th ed.)

Back 13

Original Greek language version of New Testament.

Front 14

Jerome

Back 14

Translated Old & New Testament into Latin.

Front 15

Latin Vulgate

Back 15

Translation of Hebrew Bible/New Testament into Latin by Jerome.

Front 16

Martin Luther

Back 16

Translated Bible into German.

Front 17

John Wycliffe

Back 17

Translated Latin Vulgate into English.

Front 18

William Tyndale

Back 18

Using printing press, Tyndale produced the first printed English Bible, known as Tyndale Bible.

Front 19

Dynamic equivalence

Back 19

Focusing on the function of the original language & attempts to "recreate" that reading experience in the target language.

Front 20

Allegory

Back 20

Text that have hidden meanings & thus great symbolic value for readers.

Front 21

Hermeneutics

Back 21

The art of interpretation.

Front 22

Source criticism

Back 22

Attempt to determine the "author" of the text; what is the source material.

Front 23

Form criticism

Back 23

The analysis of types of literature & classification of them according to forms such as hymns, laments, & sagas. Then the setting & intent of the form can be determined.

Front 24

Tradition history

Back 24

Process in terms of traditions or memories coming together.

Front 25

Redaction criticism

Back 25

The study of the compilation or editing of a text; the why and how of the editing of a text.

Front 26

Canonical criticism

Back 26

The determination of when, why, and by whom the layers of Scripture were considered authoritative & to what special purposes.

Front 27

Narrative criticism

Back 27

Study that pays close attention to the way features such as character & characterization, plot development, point of view, & language shape meaning in the text.

Front 28

Rhetorical criticism

Back 28

The identification of any type of recurrent pattern, such as repetition or word plays, which contributes to the persuasive nature of the text.

Front 29

Reader response criticism

Back 29

Searching for meaning through leaving the historical circumstances of the text in favor of the circumstances of the reader and his or her values, beliefs, etc.