Christian Encounter With Islam Final

Front 1

The arabic word for "peace" is

Back 1

Salam

Front 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

1. Shahada

2. Tawhid

3. Zakat

4. Salat

Back 2

Tawhid

Front 3

Eid al­Fitr takes place at...

1. The end of the world

2. the end of Ramadan

3. the end of Friday prayer

4. the end of the Hajj

Back 3

The end of Ramadan

Front 4

Which of the following is permitted for Muslims between sunrise and sunset during Ramadan?

1. Work

2. Sex

3. Drink

4. Food

Back 4

Work

Front 5

Which of the following is not true of the Kaaba?

1. it was once a pagan shrine

2. it is the burial site of Muhammad

3. all Muslims pray towards it

4. Many Muslims believe it was first built by Adam

Back 5

It is the burial site of Muhammad

Front 6

What was Muhammad's relationship to Abu Talib?

1. None of these

2. Nephew

3. Cousin

4. Brother

Back 6

Nephew

Front 7

According to Muslim tradition, the Quran was revealed over a period of:

1. 12 years

2. 22 years

3. 10 years

4. 20 years

Back 7

22 years

Front 8

Which of the following is NOT part of the "satanic verses" story?

1. Muhammad was attempting a reconciliation with the pagan Quraysh

2. Muhammad said that three pagan deities could serve as intercessors

3. Allah sent down a replacement revelation

4. Muhammad was rebuked by Ali for compromising his message

Back 8

Muhammad was rebuked by Ali for compromising his message

Front 9

Which of the following is NOT true of the traditional account of the Hijra?

1. it took place after Abu Talib’s death

2. Muhammad and his followers fled from Medina to Yathrib

3. it marks the first year of the Muslim calendar

4. Muhammad hid in a cave

Back 9

Muhammad and his followers fled from Medina to Yathrib

Front 10

Which of the following was not one of Muhammad’s wives?

1. Zaynab

2. Aisha

3. Fatimah

4. Khadija

Back 10

Fatimah

Front 11

Which of the following battles did not take place during the Medinan period?

1. the Battle of Siffin

2. the Battle of Badr

3. the Battle of the Trench

4. the Battle of Uhud

Back 11

the Battle of Siffin

Front 12

The chronological order of the Rashidun caliphs is:

1. Ali, Uthman, Umar, Abu Bakr

2. Ali, Umar, Uthman, Abu Bakr

3. Abu Bakr, Uthman, Umar, Ali

4. Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali

Back 12

Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali

Front 13

According to Muslim tradition, the Quran was first compiled in the form of a book by:

1. Hafsa

2. Umar

3. Abu Bakr

4. Uthman

Back 13

Abu Bakr

Front 14

France was conquered by the Muslims in what year?

Back 14

750

Front 15

Which of the following was not taught by the Ash‘arite school?

1. divine predestination is conditioned on human free will

2. the Quran is uncreated and co­eternal with Allah

3. Greek philosophy is not helpful for developing Islamic theology

4. Allah and his laws cannot be comprehended through reason

Back 15

divine predestination is conditioned on human free will

Front 16

The author of the Incoherence of the Philosophers was who?

Back 16

Al-Ghazali

Front 17

Which crusade was a response to the recapture of Jerusalem by Saladin?

Back 17

First Crusade

Front 18

At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the Saljuqs defeated who?

Back 18

the Byzantines

Front 19

Which of the following was not true of the Ottomans?

1. they were Turkish Sunnis

2. they sided with Germany in the Second World War

3. they were ruled by Sultan Suleiman I in the 16 century

4. they captured Jerusalem in 1517

Back 19

they sided with Germany in the Second World War

Front 20

Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?

Back 20

Egypt

Front 21

True or False. The Quran believes that Jesus was born of a virgin.

Back 21

True

Front 22

True or False. The Quran teaches that Moses was adopted by Pharaoh's daughter.

Back 22

False

Front 23

True or False. The Quran teaches that Jesus was killed on a cross

Back 23

False

Front 24

True or False. Noah's entire family was saved in the Ark.

Back 24

False

Front 25

True or False. Muslims traditionally claim that the Quran is the supreme miracle of the Islamic religion.

Back 25

True

Front 26

True or False. Muslims traditionally claim that knowing the chronology of the suras is important for interpreting the Quran.

Back 26

True

Front 27

True or False. Muslims traditionally claim a perfect Quran is kept in heaven with Allah

Back 27

True

Front 28

True or False. Muslims traditionally claim that the suras are arranged in roughly the order in which they were revealed

Back 28

False

Front 29

According to tradition, why was the Quran first written down as a book?

Back 29

Because many of the huffaz had been killed in battle.

Front 30

True or False. In textual criticism of the Quran, there appear to be non-accidental textual variants in some early manuscripts.

Back 30

True.

Front 31

True or False. In textual criticism of the Quran, the earliest manuscripts lack diacritical marks.

Back 31

True

Front 32

True or False. In textual criticism of the Quran, there has been more than one attempt by Muslims to standardize the text.

Back 32

True

Front 33

True or False. In textual criticism of the Quran, there are no extant manuscripts dated prior to the 12th century.

Back 33

True

Front 34

What's the title of the first sura of the Quran?

Back 34

The openeing

Front 35

True or False. Adoption is absolutely forgiven in the Quran.

Back 35

False.

Front 36

True or false. Divorce is permitted under certain conditions in the Quran.

Back 36

True

Front 37

True or false. Polygamy is permitted within certain limits in the Quran.

Back 37

True

Front 38

True or false. Adulterers should be punished by flogging in the Quran.

Back 38

True.

Front 39

Who is the only woman mentioned by name in the Quran?

Back 39

Mary

Front 40

According to the Quran, which of the following books came down from Allah?

1. The Torah

2. The Psalms

3. All of these

4. The Gospel

Back 40

All of these

Front 41

What does the "lesser jihad" refer to?

Back 41

Violent struggle against unbelievers.

Front 42

What are 3 arguments for “Allah” in the Quran and “Yahweh” in the Bible being different?

Back 42

1.The God of the Quran has very different attributes than the God of the Bible

2.The Trinity constitutes the very identity of God and the Quran rejects the Trinity

3.The God of the Bible is fully revealed in Jesus and the Quran rejects that Jesus.

Front 43

What are key arguments for “Allah” in the Quran and “yahweh” in the Bible being the same?

Back 43

1. “Allah” is just the Arabic word for “God”

2. “Allah” was used by Christians in Arabia for decades before Muhammad was born

3. “Allah” is still used by Arabic-speaking Christians today to refer to God

4. Romans 1:18-21 says that all know God through general revelation

5. The Quran is dependent on the Bible—literarily, historically, and theologically

6. The “history” of Allah coincides at points with the “history” of the true God

7. If the Quran disagrees with the Bible about God, that presupposes the same referent

8. Converts from Islam typically assume the same referent before and after conversion

Front 44

Which 3 authoritative sources define Islam?

Back 44

1.The Quran 2. The Sunna 3. The Hadith

Front 45

Which principle for Comparative Religion says that we should not study non-Christian religions in a way that compromises our own faith?

Back 45

The Fidelity Principle

Front 46

Which principle for Comparative Religion says that we should not attempt to study Non-Christian religions from a religiously neutral perspective?

Back 46

Which principle for Comparative Religion says

Front 47

Which principle for Comparative Religion says that we should just describe other religions, and we shouldn't pass judgement on them?

Back 47

The Evaluation Principle

Front 48

Which principle for Comparative Religion says that we should strive to set aside personal and cutural preferences?

Back 48

The objectivity principle

Front 49

What does Islam mean?

Back 49

Submission or surrener

Front 50

What is "someone or something in the state of submission to Allah?"

Back 50

Muslim

Front 51

What term means that there's something in huiman nature that recognizes the one true god?

Back 51

Fitra

Front 52

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

Back 52

1. Belief in God

2. Belief in angels

3. Belief in the books

4. Belief in the prophets/messengers

5. Belief in the Resurrection

Front 53

What term refers to the absolute unity and oneness of God?

Back 53

Tawhid

Front 54

What term refers to the idea of associating partners with Allah?

Back 54

Shirk

Front 55

True or false. Jinn are only good.

Back 55

False. They can be good or evil.

Front 56

What are the 5 (6) pillars of Islam?

Back 56

1. Profession

2. Prayer

3. Almsgiving

4. Fasting

5. Pilgrimage

(6.) Jihad

Front 57

In the 5 pillars of Islam, which term means profession?

Back 57

Shahada

Front 58

In the 5 pillars of Islam, which term means Prayer?

Back 58

Salat

Front 59

In the 5 pillars of Islam, which term means Almsgiving?

Back 59

Zakat

Front 60

In the 5 pillars of Islam, which term means Fasting

Back 60

Sawm

Front 61

In the 5 pillars of Islam, which term means Pilgrimage?

Back 61

Hajj

Front 62

In the 5 pillars of Islam, which term means the basic duty of Muslims to exert themselves for the cause of Allah?

Back 62

Jihad

Front 63

True or false. Sexual activity is allowed while Fasting.

Back 63

False

Front 64

What event does Ramadan commemorate?

Back 64

The first giving of the Quran

Front 65

When was Muhammad born?

Back 65

570

Front 66

Who was Muhammad's uncle?

Back 66

Abu Talib

Front 67

What was the name of Muhammad's first wife?

Back 67

Khadija

Front 68

What year did the angel Gabriel first appear to Muhammad?

Back 68

610

Front 69

Which came FIRST? Meccan or Medinan period?

Back 69

Meccan

Front 70

True or False. Muhammad recited the Satanic verses in an attempt at reconciliation with the Quraysh.

Back 70

True

Front 71

What year did the "night journey" accour?

Back 71

621

Front 72

The Hijra is to Muslims as ________ is to Jews.

Back 72

Exodus

Front 73

What city was previously named Yathrib?

Back 73

Medina

Front 74

Describe the revelations received in the Meccan period.

Back 74

Short, apocalyptic

Front 75

Describe the revelations received in the medinan period.

Back 75

Legal, prose more than poetry

Front 76

How many wives did Muhammad have in the Medinan period?

Back 76

12

Front 77

True or false. The Muslims lost the battle of Badr.

Back 77

False. They won.

Front 78

True or false. Muslims lost the battle of Uhud.

Back 78

True

Front 79

True or false. Muslims won the battle of Ditch/Trench

Back 79

True.

Front 80

Who was the first Caliph?

Back 80

Abu Bakr

Front 81

Did the Sunnis approve of Abu Bakr as the first caliph?

Back 81

No

Front 82

Which of the first caliphs oversaw the remarkable military expansion of the Islamic empire?

Back 82

Abu Bakr

Front 83

What wars were about the tribes claiming allegiance only to Muhammad?

Back 83

Ridda wars

Front 84

What was the term for the people who had memorized the Quran?

Back 84

Hafiz

Front 85

Who was the second caliph?

Back 85

Umar

Front 86

Is contextualization important in Bible translation?

Back 86

Yes. The goal is to produce an optimal translation rather than a perfect one, because words only have meanings within a broader linguistic and cultural context. It is important to consider how word-for-word translations will be culturally interpreted.

Front 87

Does translating the phrase “the Son of God” as such cause problems culturally for Muslims?

Back 87

Yes. It is a taboo phrase and is often immediately denounced by Muslims, because it is taken to be a synonym of “Christ.”

Front 88

Why might using a different translation of “the Son of God” be a good idea?

Back 88

Because this phrase causes unhelpful biological connotations, Because alternatives convey roughly the same thing without the barriers, Because Jesus never referred to Himself as such, and Because Bible translations using alternatives have proven more effective in practice.

Front 89

What Sola Scriptura reasons can be given for maintaining the translation of “Son of God” in Muslim context?

Back 89

1.Our task is not to avoid offence but to faithfully communicate God’s Word 2. The original words of Scripture have divine origin and authority 3. Avoiding the phrase can reinforce the notion that Christians have changed the Bible 4. Amplified translations, such as “spiritual Son of God”, offer a path between extremes

Front 90

Other reasons for maintaining the “Son of God” translation in Muslim context?

Back 90

1. Parentheticals or footnotes can directly address misunderstandings 2. If “Son of God” is replaced then “God the Father” must also be replaced 3. Father-Son relationship is integral to the nature and identity of God 4. Father-Son relationship is integral to the gospel message (Jn 3:16-18; 20:31) 5. Father-Son relationship cannot be communicated without using paternal/filial terms 6. Bible translations are intended for believers as well as for unbelievers

Front 91

What characteristics define C1: Traditional church using “outsider” language?

Back 91

1. Using cultural forms, including language, foreign to local Muslims 2. Community has few Muslim Background Believers 3. Believers self-identify as “Christian” 4. Believers are perceived by Muslims as “Christian”

Front 92

What characteristics define C2: Traditional church using “insider” language?

Back 92

1. Using cultural forms, excluding language, foreign to local Muslims 2. Community has some Muslim Background Believers 3. Believers self-identify as “Christian” 4. Believers are perceived by Muslims as “Christian”

Front 93

What characteristics define C3: Contextualized communities with religiously neutral “insider” cultural forms?

Back 93

1. Using local cultural forms but rejecting Islamic religious forms 2. Community has many Muslim Background Believers 3. Believers self-identify as “Christian” 4. Believers are perceived by Muslims as “Christian”

Front 94

What characteristics define C4: Contextualized communities with biblically permissible cultural and Islamic forms?

Back 94

1. Using local cultural forms and biblically acceptable Islamic forms 2. Community has mostly Muslim Background Believers 3. Believers self-identify as “a follower of Jesus the Messiah (Isa al-Masih)” 4. Believers are perceived by Muslims as “a kind of Christian”

Front 95

What characteristics define C5: Christ-centered communities of “Messianic Muslims” within the Muslim community?

Back 95

1. Using local cultural forms and many reinterpreted Islamic forms 2. Community has only Muslim Background Believers 3. Believers self-identify as “a Muslim follower of Jesus the Messiah (Isa al-Masih)” 4. Believers are perceived by Muslims as “a strange kind of Muslim”

Front 96

What characteristics define C6: Small Christ-centered communities of secret believers within the Muslim community?

Back 96

1. Using local cultural forms and Islamic forms without visible modification 2. Community has only Muslim Background Believers 3. Believers self-identify as “a secret follower of Jesus the Messiah (Isa al-Masih)” 4. Believers are perceived by Muslims as “Muslim”

Front 97

What are the reasons for endorsing Insider Movements?

Back 97

1. The requirements to leave the Muslim community is a major barrier to conversion 2. “Muslim followers of Christ” do not have to break social and legal ties with family, friends, and community 3. “Muslim followers of Christ” are able to engage in ongoing evangelism in the mosque 4. “Muslim” is primarily a cultural identity rather than a religious identity 5. There are biblical precedents for C5 contextualization 6. Insider Movements have proven numerically successful in the mission field 7. God is doing “a new work” among Muslims through Insider Movements

Front 98

What are the reasons for opposing Insider Movements?

Back 98

1. They encourage religious syncretism 2. “Muslim” is both a religious identity and a cultural identity 3. Islam has essential teachings and practices that are intrinsically anti-Christian 4. The supposed biblical precedents are not genuine C5 cases 5. 2 Corinthians 6:14-18 requires a clear cultural distinction between believers and unbelievers 6. Insider Movements typically have a minimalist soteriology and a weak ecclesiology 7. Muslim unbelievers consider Insider Movements and “Muslim followers of Christ” to be duplicitous 8. “Muslim followers of Christ” can end up feeling “outsiders” in both Muslim and Christian communities 9. Short-term numerical results are never a good justification for an outreach method

Front 99

When was Syria brough under Muslim control?

Back 99

Battle of Yarmouk

Front 100

When was Jerusalem first besieged by Muslims?

Back 100

637

Front 101

When was the Persian empire brought completely under control? (Under which Caliph)

Back 101

Umar

Front 102

Which of the first four Caliphs acheived the most economic reforms?

Back 102

Uthman

Front 103

Which Caliph oversaw the standardization of the Quran?

Back 103

Uthman

Front 104

True or false. Ali approved of the killing of Uthman

Back 104

False, but he didn't seek to punish them.

Front 105

Under which caliph did the first Fitna happen?

Back 105

Ali

Front 106

Name the major players in the first fitna.

Back 106

Ali, Muawiyah

Front 107

What was the term given to the withdrawers in the first Fistna?

Back 107

Kharijites

Front 108

After Ali's death, who immediately declared himself caliph?

Back 108

Muawiyah

Front 109

The Shiite name derives from which of the first 4 caliphs?

Back 109

Ali

Front 110

In the Battle of Karbala, who was defeated by the Umayyad army?

Back 110

Hussein ibn Ali

Front 111

When did the Umayyads conquer spain?

Back 111

711

Front 112

Which battle marks the difinitive break between Sunnis and Shiites?

Back 112

Karbala

Front 113

Which caliphate conquered the Umayyads?

Back 113

Abbasid

Front 114

Who moved the Islamic capital to Baghdad?

Back 114

Abbasid

Front 115

Under which Caliphate was the Islamic Golden Age?

Back 115

Abbasid

Front 116

Which of the two schools of Islamic thought said that human free will should be prioritized?

Back 116

Mutazilite

Front 117

Which of the two schools of Islamic thought said that reason should be the basis for Theology and ethics?

Back 117

Mutazilite

Front 118

Which of the two schools of Islamic thought said that Allah and his laws cannot be comprehended?

Back 118

Asharite

Front 119

Which of the two schools of Islamic thought said that divine predestination (fatalism) was prioritized?

Back 119

Asharite

Front 120

In the Mutazilite school of theology, are there second causes?

Back 120

Yes

Front 121

Which of the two schools of Islamic thought said that the Quran was uncreated and co-eternal with Allah?

Back 121

Asharite

Front 122

Which Muslim philosopher combined Muslim theology with Hellenistic philosophy?

Back 122

Avicenna

Front 123

Which Muslim philosopher wrote "The incoherence of the philosophers."

Back 123

Al-Ghazali

Front 124

Which Muslim philosopher wrote "the incoherence of the incoherence?

Back 124

Averroes

Front 125

True or False. During the first crusade, Jerusalem was captured.

Back 125

True

Front 126

Which crusade was sent by Pope Eugene III in response toe the capture of Edessa by the Muslims?

Back 126

2nd

Front 127

During the Crusades, when was Jerusalem lost again?

Back 127

1187

Front 128

What was the name of the Kurdish Sunni warrior who took over Jerusalem in 1187?

Back 128

Saladin

Front 129

What event marks the end of the Byzantine Empire?

Back 129

It was conquered by Mehmed

Front 130

What are some common obstacles that might hinder a Muslim from accepting the truths of Christianity?

Back 130

1. Muslims have been taught that the Bible has been corrupted and only the Quran is reliable 2. Muslims consider blasphemous the claim that Jesus is the Son of God 3. Muslims believe that Christians worship three gods and commit the unforgivable sin of shirk 4. Muslims believe that Jesus was not crucified, because Allah would not have allowed that to happen 5. Muslims think that the Christian gospel implies antinomianism 6. Muslims closely associate Christianity with morally degenerate Western culture 7. Muslim converts to Christianity bring shame on their families—with serious consequences

Front 131

What are 7 common Muslim objections to Christianity?

Back 131

1. “Christians believe in three gods” 2. “The Christian doctrine of the Trinity is illogical” 3. “It is ridiculous and blasphemous to suggest that Allah would have a son” 4. “The apostle Paul was the real founder of Christianity rather than Jesus” 5. “Jesus never claimed to be God and the New Testament never states that he was God” 6. “The idea that Jesus was divine was imposed on the church by the Emperor Constantine” 7. “The Bible has changed over the centuries, but the Quran has been perfectly preserved”

Front 132

What are 7 more (different) common Muslim objections to Christianity?

Back 132

8. “The Bible cannot be trusted since it has been translated and retranslated so many times” 9. “Even Christian scholars like Bart Ehrman admit that Christians have changed the Bible” 10. “The Bible is full of errors and contradictions, which proves that it has been corrupted” 11. “Christianity leads to moral degeneracy” 12. “The prophet Muhammad was foretold in the Bible (Deut. 18:18; Jn 14:16)” 13. “The Gospel of Barnabas represents the true Gospel (Injil) referred to the in Quran” 14. “The miraculous perfection of the Quran proves that it is a divine revelation”

Front 133

The traditional Muslim view of divine transcendence leads to what worldview problem?

Back 133

Theological agnosticism

Front 134

The traditional Muslim view of divine justice leads to what worldview problems?

Back 134

moral arbitrariness and skepticism

Front 135

Which two Muslim doctrines are inconsistent with one another?

Back 135

The doctrine of abrogation with divine sovereignty and omniscience

Front 136

Where is there unresolved tension within Islam?

Back 136

Between divine justice and divine mercy

Front 137

How does historical evidence contradict the Quran?

Back 137

1. It contradicts the claim that the Quran has not changed overtime 2. It contradicts the claim that Jesus was not crucified.

Front 138

What is the Muslim response when the Quran undermines itself by both affirming and contradicting earlier Scriptures?

Back 138

Jews and Christians have corrupted the earlier scriptures

Front 139

Based on Suras 75 and 76, discuss the nature of creation in the Quran vs. Genesis 1-2?

Back 139

NEEDS ANSWER

Front 140

From your reading in White, what are the Muslim claims regarding the transmission of the text of the Quran and what are the problems with those claims?

Back 140

NEEDS ANSWER

Front 141

When was Jerusalem captured by the Ottomans from the Egyptians?

Back 141

1517 (same year Luther nailed his theses)

Front 142

True or False. The Ottomans sided with Germany in WW1?

Back 142

True.

Front 143

When was the Ottoman caliphate official abolished?

Back 143

1924

Front 144

What was the name of the declaration in which Britian favored the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine?

Back 144

Balfour

Front 145

When was Jerusalem capture by British forces from the Ottomans?

Back 145

1917

Front 146

What organization has as its logo two crossed swords over the Quran?

Back 146

Muslim brotherhood

Front 147

When was the Arab-Israeli war?

Back 147

1948

Front 148

In which war did Israel defeat forces of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan and gained control of the west bank and the gaza strip?

Back 148

Six-Day War

Front 149

What country contained the first Shiite Muslim majority in power?

Back 149

Iran

Front 150

True or false. According to the Quran, one of Noah's sons refused to enter the Ark and drowned.

Back 150

True

Front 151

True or false. According to the Quran, Isaac was offered as an sacrifice.

Back 151

False. It was ishmael

Front 152

True or false. According to the Quran, Moses was adopted by Pharaoh's wife.

Back 152

True

Front 153

True or false. According to the Quran, Pharaoh repented as he drowned in the Red Sea?

Back 153

True

Front 154

True or false. According to the Quran, God's special resence is with his peopl

Back 154

False.

Front 155

Which group of suras was more poetic in style?

Back 155

Meccan

Front 156

Which group of suras was more benevolent toward Jews and Christians?

Back 156

Meccan

Front 157

Which group of suras was more legalistic in character?

Back 157

Medinan

Front 158

Which group of suras was more antagonistic toward Jews and Christians?

Back 158

Medinan

Front 159

According to the Hadith, are there verses revealed to Muhammad that aren't in the text?

Back 159

No

Front 160

What term refers to the interpretation of the Quran?

Back 160

Tafsir

Front 161

True or false. The Quran believes in human authorship.

Back 161

False

Front 162

What are some common obstacles that might hinder a Muslim from accepting the truths of Christianity?

Back 162

1. Muslims have been taught that the Bible has been corrupted and only the Quran is reliable 2. Muslims consider blasphemous the claim that Jesus is the Son of God 3. Muslims believe that Christians worship three gods and commit the unforgivable sin of shirk 4. Muslims believe that Jesus was not crucified, because Allah would not have allowed that to happen 5. Muslims think that the Christian gospel implies antinomianism 6. Muslims closely associate Christianity with morally degenerate Western culture 7. Muslim converts to Christianity bring shame on their families—with serious consequences

Front 163

What are 7 common Muslim objections to Christianity?

Back 163

1. “Christians believe in three gods” 2. “The Christian doctrine of the Trinity is illogical” 3. “It is ridiculous and blasphemous to suggest that Allah would have a son” 4. “The apostle Paul was the real founder of Christianity rather than Jesus” 5. “Jesus never claimed to be God and the New Testament never states that he was God” 6. “The idea that Jesus was divine was imposed on the church by the Emperor Constantine” 7. “The Bible has changed over the centuries, but the Quran has been perfectly preserved”

Front 164

What are 7 more (different) common Muslim objections to Christianity?

Back 164

8. “The Bible cannot be trusted since it has been translated and retranslated so many times” 9. “Even Christian scholars like Bart Ehrman admit that Christians have changed the Bible” 10. “The Bible is full of errors and contradictions, which proves that it has been corrupted” 11. “Christianity leads to moral degeneracy” 12. “The prophet Muhammad was foretold in the Bible (Deut. 18:18; Jn 14:16)” 13. “The Gospel of Barnabas represents the true Gospel (Injil) referred to the in Quran” 14. “The miraculous perfection of the Quran proves that it is a divine revelation”

Front 165

The traditional Muslim view of divine transcendence leads to what worldview problem?

Back 165

Theological agnosticism

Front 166

The traditional Muslim view of divine justice leads to what worldview problems?

Back 166

moral arbitrariness and skepticism

Front 167

Which two Muslim doctrines are inconsistent with one another?

Back 167

The doctrine of abrogation with divine sovereignty and omniscience

Front 168

Where is there unresolved tension within Islam?

Back 168

Between divine justice and divine mercy

Front 169

How does historical evidence contradict the Quran?

Back 169

1. It contradicts the claim that the Quran has not changed overtime 2. It contradicts the claim that Jesus was not crucified.

Front 170

What is the Muslim response when the Quran undermines itself by both affirming and contradicting earlier Scriptures?

Back 170

Jews and Christians have corrupted the earlier scriptures

Front 171

Based on Suras 75 and 76, discuss the nature of creation in the Quran vs. Genesis 1-2?

Back 171

NEEDS ANSWER

Front 172

From your reading in White, what are the Muslim claims regarding the transmission of the text of the Quran and what are the problems with those claims?

Back 172

NEEDS ANSWER

Front 173

What are the differences between Christianity and Islam regarding the Doctrine of Revelation?

Back 173

1. Christianity believes God has revealed to us both His character and His will, The Bible alone is the written word of God – infallible, inerrant, and authoritative, and The Quran is a merely human book – a mixture of truth and falsehood. 2. Islam teaches God has revealed only his will, He does not reveal himself in any personal sense, Some parts of the Bible were originally given by God but have since been corrupted, and the Quran is the only infallible, inerrant, and authoritative divine revelation today

Front 174

What are the differences between Christianity and Islam regarding the Doctrine of God?

Back 174

1. Christianity believes God is both transcendent and immanent, God is a trinity – three persons equal in essence, and God’s justice is an expression of His character. 2. Islam believes God is utterly transcendent and not immanent, God is a pure, indivisible unity; He is emphatically not a Trinity, and God’s justice is an expression of his will

Front 175

What are the differences between Christianity and Islam regarding the Doctrine of Man?

Back 175

1. Christianity believes humans are created in the image of God, God relates to human primarily by way of covenants, and our highest purpose is to glorify God and to enjoy Him forever. 2. Islam believes humans are not created in the image of God because God is utterly unlike any creature, God does not relate to humans primarily by way of covenants, and our highest purpose is to submit to the will of God without knowing God

Front 176

What are the differences between Christianity and Islam regarding the identity and mission of Jesus Christ?

Back 176

1. Christianity believes Jesus is the eternal Son of God who became incarnate for us and for our salvation and Jesus suffered and died on a cross to atone for our sins and rose again from the dead. 2. Islam believes Jesus was merely a human prophet and it is blasphemous to call him the Son of God and Jesus was not crucified and therefore did not make atonement or rise from the dead.

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What are the differences between Christianity and Islam regarding the identity and significance of Muhammad?

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1. Christianity believes Muhammad was not a true prophet or messenger of God and he may have had some admirable qualities, but he was far from sinless. 2. Islam believes Muhammad was a true prophet and messenger of God and he was sinless and serves as a perfect model for believers.

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What is the Christian Doctrine of Sin?

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God has a holy hatred of human sin and we sin primarily against God. Adam’s sin brought the entire human race into corruption and under condemnation, as well as death and suffering into the world and a curse upon the creation. We are born in bondage to sin and unable to do any good apart from divine grace and that our sins can be dealt with only through atonement and supernatural renewal

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What is the Muslim Doctrine of Sin?

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God is unaffected by human sin and we sin primarily against ourselves. Adam’s sin did not have any deep effect on us other than setting a bad example and it did not affect the creation – death and suffering have always been present. We all have natural weaknesses, but we are able to do both good and evil and our sins can be outweighed by our good deeds or simply forgiven by God.

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What is the Christian Doctrine of Salvation?

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Salvation is a gracious gift of God, received through faith alone in Jesus Christ alone. It requires a radical, supernatural change. Good works are the gracious fruit of salvation rather than the meritorious basis for it. Believers can have a firm assurance of salvation. God relates to believers primarily as a loving, heavenly father – we are His sons

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What is the Muslim Doctrine of Salvation?

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Salvation is earned by obedience to God – and also by implication to Muhammad, attained through good deeds – with some allowance for divine forgiveness. Salvation does not require a radical supernatural change. Good works are the meritorious basis for salvation. Believers cannot have any assurance of salvation. God relates to believers primarily as a sovereign, heavenly master – we are his servants

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What lessons, both positive and negative, can we learn from post-Reformation engagement with Islam?

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NEED ANSWER

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According to White, why is exact wording of parallel passages in the Quran necessary for the Islamic view of the inspiration of the Quran?

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NEED ANSWER

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According to White, what problem does the use of ancient sources in the Quran pose to the Islamic view of the inspiration of the Quran? How might a Muslim apologist respond to such an accusation?

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NEED ANSWER