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65 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Lyme disease description |
Spirochete, bacterium. Most cases in the Northeast. |
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Etiology of Lyme disease |
Carried from host, (whitetail deer, dogs, rabbits, horses) to humans by black legged tick. Infected saliva and fecal material on skin. |
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Signs and symptoms of Lyme disease Stage 1 |
Weeks, Erythema (bulls eye rash), flulike symptoms. Ex chills, stiff neck, muscle pain and fever. |
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Signs and symptoms of Lyme disease Stage 2 |
Weeks to several months. Affects central nervous system, experience meningitis, nerve damage and facial palsy. |
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Signs and symptoms of Lyme disease Stage 3 |
Arthritis and neurological problems. Damage is irreversible. |
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Diagnostic procedure of Lyme disease. |
Identify ECM, exposure to ticks, blood test (May take 6 weeks for antibodies to show). ELISA test detects antibodies. |
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Treatment for Lyme disease |
Antibiotics (Doxycycline and Amoxicill) |
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Prognosis for Lyme disease |
Intermittent recurrence of headache, muscle pain, lethargy, fatigue. |
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Prevention of Lyme |
Protect yourself from ticks |
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West Nile Encephalitis description |
Infectious disease that occurs through mosquito bite. Virus crosses blood-brain barrier causing inflammation of the brain. |
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Etiology of West Nile Encephalitis |
Bite of infected mosquito, birds are the reservoir |
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Signs and symptoms of West Nile encephalitis |
Range mild to severe, 80% show no symptoms, mild fever, headache, body ache, skin rash, swollen lymph nodes. Severe symptoms, mild symptoms with stupor, disorientation, Tremors, convulsions, coma, and paralysis |
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Diagnostic procedures of West Nile encephalitis |
Clinical findings, blood test for antibodies Eliza. Detectable within days |
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Treatment West Nile encephalitis |
No no cure, encourage fluids, alleviate symptoms, reassurance, analgesics. |
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Prognosis West Nile encephalitis |
Mild symptoms last only a few days, severe symptoms may be permanent |
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Prevention West Nile encephalitis |
Insect repellent, long-sleeve clothing, pants, reduce mosquito populations, barriers |
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Description malaria |
The Great masquerader. 200 to 300 million cases worldwide. 650000 deaths annually |
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Etiology malaria |
Infected mosquitoes to humans, protozoan infection, eventually causes destruction of red blood cell |
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Signs and symptoms of malaria |
flu-like, fever, shaking chills, headache, muscle aches, malaise, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, jaundice |
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Diagnosis malaria |
Presence of protozoa parasites in the RBC on microscopic examination rapid blood test detect antigens |
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Treatment malaria |
Anti-malaria prescription medication depending on the strain of malaria quinine, chloroquine |
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Prognosis malaria |
If treated promptly and correctly, prognosis is good. Potential death if diagnosis or treatment is delayed. |
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Prevention malaria |
Avoidance of mosquitoes. Pre-travel medication. Education |
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Description anthrax |
Acute infection of domestic animals. Three forms cutaneous skin, inhalation, intestinal. |
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Etiology anthrax |
Contact with animals dying of Anthrax. Animal products such as bone meal, animal hides. 2001 Anthrax distributed to members of the US Senate. Undercooked, contaminated meat |
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Symptoms etiology cutaneous |
Raised, itchy papule at side of Entry. Red papule quickly becomes a vesicle then an ulcer. Will eventually lead to septicemia, shock, death |
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Symptoms of Anthrax intestinal |
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Abdominal distress, fever, septicemia |
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Anthrax symptoms inhalation |
Cold like symptoms. Respiratory distress after 3 to 5 days, fever, death. All will eventually cause blood poisoning and shock |
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Diagnostic procedures anthrax |
Laboratory diagnosis made by isolation of bacteria, for example blood, skin lesion, respiratory secretions. |
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Treatment anthrax |
Penicillin or doxycycline. Broad-spectrum antibiotics |
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Prevention anthrax |
Vaccine, education, protective clothing, sterilization of Animal product whenever possible |
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Description plague |
Two types, bubonic -bite of infected flea. Pneumonic-close contact with infected individual respiratory secretions |
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Etiology plague |
Yersinia pestis |
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Signs and symptoms plague |
Fever, weakness, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, pneumonia. Bloody, frothy sputum, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, Bubonic plague, buboes |
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Diagnostic procedures plague |
Bloody sputum test can confirm diagnosis |
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Treatment plague |
Antibiotics within 24 hours of First symptoms. Symptomatic treatment |
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Prognosis plague |
Without treatment pneumonic plague leads to respiratory failure, shock, death |
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Prevention, control plague |
Avoid contact with sick individuals. Immediate treatment of infected to reduce transmission |
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Escherichia 0157 H7 description |
One of hundreds of strains of E coli. Most are harmless and live in the intestinal tract. It produces a dangerous toxin causing serious illness. 70,000 cases each year. Eating undercooked, contaminated ground beef, contaminated lettuce, unpasteurized milk and fruit juice |
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E coli etiology |
In the intestines of healthy cattle. Contamination during Slaughter, present on others. Fecal-oral route |
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E coli signs and symptoms |
Severe bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, resolves in 5 to 10 days. Complications, children and elderly can get hemolytic uremic syndrome |
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Diagnostic procedures E coli |
Stool specimen tested for e-coli in all patients with bloody diarrhea |
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Treatment e-coli |
Recover 5 to 10 days, supportive therapy like rest, fluid replacement, balanced diet. BRAT diet |
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Prognosis E coli |
Without hemolytic uremic syndrome, very good with hemolytic uremic syndrome guarded |
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Prevention E coli |
Cook all ground beef thoroughly. Pasteurize milk and Juice. Prevent cross-contamination. Thorough washing of vegetables |
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Description botulism |
Paralytic disease of the muscles. Foodborne 15%, wound botulism 29%, infant botulism 55%. Previously used as a Warfare agent |
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Etiology botulism |
Clostridium botulinum. Form spores that remain dormant until exposed to condition supporting growth |
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Signs and symptoms of botulism |
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea maker with three 6 hours, dizziness, difficulty in swallowing, slurred speech, double vision, drooping eyelids, muscle weakness within 12 to 36 hours, descending paralysis, death from respiratory paralysis |
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Treatment botulism |
Botulinum antitoxin, respiratory assistant. Surgical removal of the toxin-producing bacteria, antibiotics |
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Prognosis botulism |
Months of recuperation may be necessary. Symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue May last for many years |
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Prevention botulism |
Most common foods asparagus, green beans, beets, corn. Properly canned food and strict hygiene measures. High temperatures. No honey for infants under 1 year old |
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Description infectious diarrheal disease |
Commonly affects children under the age of five. Highly contagious illness commonly occurring in daycare centers 20 million cases a year |
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Etiology infectious diarrheal disease |
Oral fecal route. Incubation. Of 48 Hours. Bacterial, viral, parasitic infections. |
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Signs and symptoms infectious diarrheal disease |
Diarrhea with or without blood. Accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, low grade fever, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance |
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Diagnostic procedures infectious diarrheal disease |
History, physical exam, stool sample |
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Treatment infectious diarrheal disease |
Must rehydrate. Medication according to the cause of the symptoms. Antibiotics in special cases, May prolong disease in some cases |
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Prognosis infectious diarrheal disease |
Good if early detection and prompt treatment. Must rehydrate. Careful monitoring |
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Prevention infectious diarrheal disease |
Good hygiene. Hand-washing, careful disposal of feces, clean water, avoid stagnant water |
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Description common cold |
Acute infection that causes inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Leading causes of school absence. Most common in fall and winter months |
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Etiology common cold |
Hundreds of different viruses can cause a cold. Airborne transmission, hand-to-hand contact and indirect contact with phones, keyboards, desk, Etc |
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Signs and symptoms common cold |
Gradual onset of nasal congestion, pharyngitis, headache, malaise, watery eyes, low grade fever. Productive or non-productive cough. Symptoms last two to four days. Contagious 2 to 3 days after onset |
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Diagnostic procedures common cold |
Clinical diagnosis, no need for lab work unless ruling out other illnesses |
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Treatment common cold |
Supportive and symptomatic. Analgesics, fluid intake, rest. Decongestants, nasal sprays, throat lozenges, humidifier. Herbal teas, vegetable juice, broth, vitamin C, zinc |
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Prognosis common cold |
Self-limiting. Watch for complications like ear and sinus infection |
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Prevention common cold |
Wash hands, avoid crowds or the ill, maintain healthy immune system |
