Chpt 4

Front 1

What is are the 3 basic functions of a computer

Back 1

1. accept data (raw data)

2. Process data

3. Produce output (information)

Front 2

Name 3 different generations of Computers:

Back 2

1. Vacuum tubes: large, slow, delicate and expensive

2. Microtransisters:simpler smaller, less energy consumption, and cheaper, and much faster

3. Microcomputers: Uses chips, faster, smaller processors, cheaper.

4. Mobile Computing: small form factor computers that do everything personal computers do

5. Cloud computing: software and data are stored in the Internet and can be accessed from anywhere

Front 3

What is a: -LAN

-WAN

Back 3

Local Area Network: Linking many personal computers together shared access to printers, faxes, and data.

Wide Area Network: The internet, Mail, Web browsing

Front 4

Name the 3 principles of Information Technology

Back 4

1. Price and performance advances

2. Small is powerful

3. The network is the thing

Front 5

Ethernet

Back 5

A set of rules or protocols enabling devices to communicate and share information in LAN.

Front 6

What is Hardware

Back 6

consists of physical electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, and store data according to the instructions in the programs or software

Front 7

What is firmware

and BIOS

Back 7

-Firmware is special computer software that is installed into the device which is ROM.

-Basic input/Output system: its the firmware that helps load up the OS and is required because all the volatile memory is lost

Front 8

All computers consist of 4 basic components:

Back 8

1. Inputs are direct (keyboard, mouse) Indirect: scanners digital cameras )

2. Processing (CPU, RAM)

3. Output (Video display, printers)

4. Storage (Magnetic disk, Optical disk

Front 9

What is the motherboard

Back 9

The motherboard is the electric circuitry that connects various components together

1. CPU

2. Primary Memory

3. Busses

4. Ports and expansion slots

Front 10

What is CPU

Back 10

-Sometimes called the 'brain' of the computer-selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic & logical comparisons, stores results of ops. in memory

Front 11

How is CPU performance measured & counted?

Back 11

-MEASURED in Hertz (Hz) or cycles

-COUNTED in gigahertz (GHz) (approx. a billion cycles per second)

Front 12

What is RAM?

-what does it stand for?

-Def?

Back 12

-Stands for Random Access Memory

-Memory that is external to the processing unit that is used for primary working memory in a computing system

Front 13

What is memory swapping

Back 13

-The movement of programs and data into and out of memory

-If a comp has insufficient memory for its workload, such swapping will degrade performance

Front 14

How do computers represent Data?

-Different sizing w/ Bytes

Back 14

Data is made up of bits used to represent data via Binary Code (1,0)

-Uses binary digits, called bits (either a 0 or 1)

-Bits grouped into chunks of 8 called BYTES (represent one character)

Kilobyte 1024 Bytes

Megabyte 1024K

Gigabyte 1024Mb

Terabyte 1024Gb

Petabyte 1024Tb

Front 15

Volatile and Non Volatile memory

Back 15

1. Volatile: memory that can be lost if power goes off such as Cache and Main Memory
2. Non Volatile: Memory that can still be saved if the power goes off, such as SSD USB, optical disks

Front 16

What are two examples of primary Storage?

Back 16

1. RAM which is considered volatile memory where it can be lost

2. ROM (Read Only Memory) memory that can't be edited, and is used to store the boot up memory

Front 17

Name 4 examples of secondary Storage

Back 17

1. Magnetic disks (Hard drives) non volatile, measured in bits, records tracks in sectors

2. Optical Disks: Compact disks (700MB) DVD (8.5 GB) Blueray Disk 25-128GB

3. USB

4. iCLOUD

Front 18

Client vs Server Components

**What is Cloud Computing?

Back 18

Client computers are used to review and and process information and has access to public or private networks

Server Computers provide the programs and websites, they host all the traffic that is reached from the client computers

**hardware, software, apps provided as a service, usually through a web browser. Cloud=Internet, users do not necessarily own computer

Front 19

Thick VS Thin Clients

**main diff. between 2

Back 19

Thin Clients: An application that requires nothing more then a web browser

Thick Clients: Programs that require more then just browsers

essentially the difference between the two is the amount of code that must run on the client computer

Front 20

What are application software and categories of application programs

Back 20

consists of programs that perform a business function

1. Horizontal Market application: software that provides capabilities common across many organizations, with little customization (Buy off the shelf)

2. Vertical Market Application: software that serves the needs of a specific industry, like dentist appt software (Buy off the shelf with mods)

3. One of a kind: Apllications that are used for one specific need, like the CRA ( Custom made and developed)

Front 21

2 Types of Computer softwares

Back 21

1. Operating System- a program that controls the computers resources, and system software

2. Application programs-perform specific user tasks

Front 22

Whats the difference between owning and licensing

Back 22

Licenses are bought by users and are used by them but are owned by the developing company

Open source software, such as Linux is owned by everyone and everyone owns it, and profit can be made through support software

Front 23

-Virus

-Macro Virus

-Worms

-Botnets

Back 23

Virus: Replicates itself and consumes computer resources (Payload)

Macro Virus: attach themselves to various documents (e.g. Word, Excel), and once it attaches to the startup file it begins to infect every file it creates

Worms: Viruses that run really fast through networks, and infect over network areas, computers infected by them are called zombie computers

Botnets: they use zombie computers to send spam email and perform malicious tasks through infected computers.

Front 24

Patches

Back 24

updates that help cover up any holes in the programs or software

Front 25

SMALL SUMMARY OF HOW COMPUTER WORKS:

(3 main steps)

Back 25

Step 1: CPU must transfer the program/data from storage to main memory

Step 2: it moves instruction from the main memory into the CPU via the data channel/bus

(**CPU keeps frequently used instructions in the Cache-large cache means?)

Step 3: Main memory too small to hold all the programs and data, so CPU loads programs into the memory in sections (memory swapping)

Front 26

-Horizontal market application

-Vertical market application

Back 26

-software that provides capabilities common across all orgs. (e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel, PPT)

-software that serves the needs of a specific industry; can be altered/customized (e.g. programs used by dental offices to bill/schedule)