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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Perception
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Process of experiencing your world makin sense of that information
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3 Step process of Perception
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- Selection Stage
- Organize Stage - Interpretation |
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Selection Stage
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- Passive selection
- Active selection Only so much stimuli that one may atten to at one time 7 +/- 2 pieces of info |
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Passive Selection
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Information on stimuli that you attend to because your sense are working. (not actively attending to it)
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Active Selection
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Purposefully seeking stimuli
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Organize Stage
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- Simply the Information
- Categorize the Information - Divide |
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Interpretation
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- Make Sense
- Process the inormation - Based on experiences |
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Barriers to Accurate Information
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1. Ignore information
2. Overgeneralize 3. Focusing on Negative 4. Self-Serving Bias |
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Overgeralize
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Take small bits of information and place higher
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Focusing on the negative
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Tendency to place more value on the negative
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Self Serving Bias
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Everyone else fault but yours
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(4) Improving Perceptional Skills
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1. Link details to big picture
2. Increase awareness by attending to stimuli. 3. Decenter, emphathise 4. Indirect perception check and Direction perception check |
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Indirect perception check
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Seekin informations (friends)
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Direct perception check
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Ask questions
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(2) Impression of others
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~ Primacy effect
~ Reconcy effect |
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Primacy Effect
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Impression base on 1st information
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Reconcy Effect
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Impression besed on most recent information
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Labeling People (2)
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- Halo Effect
- Horn Effect |
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Halo Effect
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Describing someone in a positive manner w/ no evidence or reason (over generalization)
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Horn Effect
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View people in a negative way without any reason
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Interrpurt Behavior (3)
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1. Circumstance
2. Stimulis 3. Person |
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Circumstance
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Environment situations overtime
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Models of Communication
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1. Message Transfer model
2. Message Exchange Model 3. Message Creation Model |
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5 Principles of Interpersonal Relationships
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1. Connects us with others
2. Irreversile 3. Govern by rules 4. Complicated by # of different variables 5. Involves content & relationship dimensions |
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Govern by Rules
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A. Respect other's privacy
B. Don't revel others secrets C. Look in eye when talking D. Dont Critize in public |
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Involves content & relationship dimensions (2)
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- How you say it
- Words that is choser |
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Myths of Communication (4)
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1. The more words the clearer the meaning
2. Meanings are in word 3. Information = communication 4. Interpersonal relationship issues are always communication problems |
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6 part Strategy - Better Communication
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1. Become Knowledgable
2. Become Skilled 3. Become Motivated 4. Become Flexible 5. Become Ethical - Right or wrong 6. Other ppl oriented |
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Other person oriented
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1. Ask questions
2. Listen 3. Decenter oneself |
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Self-Concept
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Who you are
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How does self concept develop (3)
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1. Interacting with others
2. Associations with Groups 3. Role that's assumed ... gender roles |
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Speech Rate
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Slower than thought rate. Pplz have a tendency to wander when listening.
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Interacting with others (3)
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1. Look at people
2. Credibility 3. Things people say to us |
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Shifting Attention
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- Men have harder time listening
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Improving listening skills (5)
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1. Stop
2. Look 3. Listen 4. Ask questions 5. |
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Stop (Improving listening skills)
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Stop what your doing
- mentally - physically |
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Look (Improving listening skills)
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- look at emotion, eye contact, nonverbals, position body
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Listen (Improving listening skills)
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- What is the goal?
~ To learn info ~ To enjoy ~ To evaluate ~ To provide support |
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Things to consider with listening
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- Avoid personal agenda
- Dont critize speaker - Create mental summaries - Environment |
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Asking Questions (Improving listening skills)
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- Ask about feelings
- Ask clarification - Open-ended questions |
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Relect by paraphrazing
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-Connect emotions to content
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Responding Skills (2)
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1. Confirming Response
2. Disconfirming Response |
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Define Confiriming Response
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Positive - person increase value message
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Define Disconfirming Response
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Negative - Decrease value message
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Confirming Responses (5)
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1. Direct Acknowledgment
2. Agreement about judgement 3. Clarifying response 4. Expression of positive feeling 5. Complements |
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Disconfirming Response
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1. Interrupting Response
2. Irrelevant Response 3. Trangential Response 4. Intellectualize |
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Responding Skills
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1. Well timed Response
2. Provide usable information 3. Avoid unnecessary details 4. Be descriptive vs evaluate |
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Well timed Response
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Physically the right time,
respective time to give a response... when the person is able to handle the information given |
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Be descriptive
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- Be descriptive vs evaluative...
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