Chpt 1

Front 1

antiquarian

Back 1

someone who studied antiques for the objects themselves

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classical archeology

Back 2

studies the classical civilizations of the meditareanean

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ethnography

Back 3

comparative studies of cultures

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canadian institute

Back 4

sir stanford fleming dedicated to the advancment of science

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potsherd

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fragment of pottey

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stratified sites

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sites with deep deposits of artifacts owing to their repeated occupation

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conjuctive approach

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using functional interpretations of artifacts and their contexts to reconstruct daily life of the past

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midden

Back 8

garbage pile

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new archeology/proccessual

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understanding of the culture process and scientific method

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Petrarch

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past = perfection

used antiquity for moral philosophy

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Boccaccio

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petrarch friend

wrote essays on classical mythology

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Giovvani Dondi

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first systematic studies of classical monuments

- measuring

- translation of inscriptions

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anthropology

Back 13

study of all aspects of humankind- biological, cultural, and linguistic, extant and extinct- employing an all encompassing holistic approach

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biological/ physical anthropology

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views humans as biological organism

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cultural anthropology

Back 15

emphashises nonbiological aspects

learned, social, linguisitc, theological and familiar behaviours

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participant observation

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cultural anthropology

data gathered by questioning and observing people while the observer in their society

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enthographers

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study one culture and write detailed descriptions of that culture

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ethnographies

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the descriptions of cultures written by ethnographers

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linguistic anthropology

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human language and its diversity in syntax etc, its relation to a futures perception of the world and its historical development

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archaeology

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study of the past through the systematic recovery and analysis of material remains

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culture

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integrated system od beliefs, traditions, and customs that govern or influence a persons behaviour.

learned, shared by members

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enculturation

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how individuals learn their culture

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ideational perspective

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defines ideas, symbols, and mental structures as driving forces in shaping human behavior

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adaptive perspective

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technology,ecology, demography and economics in the definition of human behavior

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potlach

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ceremony giving away or destruction of property in order to acquire prestige

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trade language

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language that develops among speakers of different languages to permit exchanges

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science

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a search for universals

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archaelogical record

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documentation of material remains with their contexts recovered from a site

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hypothesis

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proposition proposed as an explanation of some phenomena

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inductive reasoning

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working from specific observations to more general hypothesis

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deductive reasoning

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reasoning to explain specific observational or experimental results

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humanism

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- focuses on human interests and values

-rejects search for universals

-stress individual experience

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objectivity

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attempt to view things without bias

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systematic regional survey

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strategies for arriving at accurate rate descriptions of the range of archeological material across a landscape

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seasonal round

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hunter-gatherer pattern of movement between different places on landscapes timed with seasonal availability of goods

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mano

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fist sized round flat rock used for grinding foods

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metate

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large flat stone surface to grind foods on

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statistical sampling

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sampling strategies to get an accurate measure of a population

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statistical population

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counts, measurements, or characteristics about which relevant inquiries to be made

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sample universe

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the region that contains the statistical population that will be sampled

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sample fraction

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% of the sample universe that is surveyed

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sample units

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survey units of a certain size and shape used tp obtain the sample

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wickiup

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conical structure made of poles or logs against one another that served as fall and winter homes among the prehistoric

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deflation

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geologic proccess whrefine sediment is blown away by the wind and larger items and artifacts are lowered onto common surface

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total station

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device that uses a beam of light bounced off a prisim to determine an artifacts provenience

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non- site

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analysis of archaeological patterns manifested on a scale of kilometres or hectares rather than on patterns within a single site

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glacial till

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mix of rock and earth pushed along the front and sides of a glacier

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plow zone

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upper portion of soil profile that has bee disturbed by plowing

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shovel- testing

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sample survey method used in regions where rapid soil build up obscures buried archaeological remains

- digging shallow pits across the survey unit

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remote sensing

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using electromagnetic energy to detect and measure characteristics of an archaeological target

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proton precession megnetometer

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measures strength of magnetism between earth core and a sensor.

- show buried features

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soil resisitivity

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monitors electrical resistance of soils in a restricted volume near the surface of an archeological site

- detects burried features

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ground penetrating radar

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radar pulses directed to the ground reflect back to the surface when they strike features

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geographic information system

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computer program for storing,retrieving, analyzing and displaying cartographic data

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landscape archeology

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study of ancient human modifications of the environment

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provenience

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artifacts location relative to a system of spatial data collection

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pleistocene

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geologic period from 2 million- 10 thousand years ago characterized by multiple periods of extensive glaciation

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in situ

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where the thing was found

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datum point

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zero pointm a fixed reference used to keep control on a dig, controls horizontal and vertical dimensions of provenience

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natural level

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vertical subdivision of an excavation based on natural breaks in sediments

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arbritrary level

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basic vertical subdivision of an excavation square when natural strata are lacking

Front 62

matrix- sorting

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hand sorting of a processed soil samples for small artifacts