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52 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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killing or removing all forms of microbial life (including endospores) in a material or an object
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sterilization
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technique to prevent contamination of surgical instruments medical personnel and patient during surgery
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aseptic technique
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an agent that inhibits growth of bacteria but doesnt kill them
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bacteriostatic
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chemical use to reduce number of organism on inanimate objects
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disinfectant
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the lowest temp at which all microbes in a liquid suspension will be killed in 10 min
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Thermal death point: TDP
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compounds with iodine that are slow releasing, take several minutes to act, and are used in surgery
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iodophors
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what compound affects Gram positive but is not effective against gram negative
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Quarternary Ammonium Compounds QUATS
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kills ALL microbes and endospores but requires exposure of 4 to 18 hours
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Etylene Oxide
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the effect of heavy metal on the microorganism
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oligodynamic action
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the absence of significant contamination
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asepsis
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an instrument that sterilizes by exposing materials to steam under pressure
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autoclave
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what kind of elements are the basis for many effective antimicrobial agents
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halogens
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the use of high salt or sugar in the prevention of foods relies on the phenomenon of....
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osmotic pressure
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the process of heating milk or fruit juice to levels that kill any pathogenic microbes present is known as...
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pasteurization
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microbial contamination
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sepsis
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absence of significant contamination
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asepsis
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antimicrobial chemicals used on inanimate objects
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disinfectant
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antimicrobial chemicals used on living tissue
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antiseptic
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mechanical removal of microbes
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degerming
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removal of ALL microbial life
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sterilization
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reduction of microbial numbers to safe levels
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sanitization
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public health standards (like resteraunt)
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bacterial reproduction inhibitor
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bacteriostatic
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kills bacteria
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bactericidal
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-cide means
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kill
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fungicide sporicide germicide biocide
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fungus killer sporous killer germ killer life killer
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what interferes with heat treatments and chemical control agents
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organic matter
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poop or blood or saliva or mucuz
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time:temp ratio
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exposure time
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How do control agents work
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*can alter the membrane permeability
*damage proteins (autoclave) *damages nucleic acid (radiation) |
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most common physical method of controlling microbial growth
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HEAT
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effective and cheap
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lowest temp at which all cells are killed w/n ten min
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TDP (THERMAL DEATH POINT)
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time to kill all cells in a culture
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thermal death time TDT
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min to kill 90% of pop at certain temp
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decimal reduction time DRT
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what type of sterilization denatures proteins
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moist heat sterilization
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steam under pressure and high temps
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auto clave
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kills ALL
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How does steam sterilize
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steam must come on direct* contact with the material to sterilize
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reduces numbers but does NOT sterilize
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pasteurization
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what temp and how long does material have to be held for pasteurization
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63* C for 30 min
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flash pasteurization is
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materials at 72*C for 15 sec (HTST)
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most common in US
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How does dry heat sterilization work
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it uses oxygen
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air filtration is
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the use of high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters
membrane filters for fluids |
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what is low temp sterilization
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*slows enzymatic rxns to inhibit growth
*freezing forms crystal to damage cells *salt and sugar are used |
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How does high pressure work
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denatures bacteria and preserves flavor
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dessication prevents
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metabolism, loss of H2O
endospores can survive tho |
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osmotic pressure causes. .
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plasmolysis
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what is ionizing radiation
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destroys DNA/RNA
cobalt 60 |
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what bacteria is particularly susceptible to radiation
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salmonella and psuedomonas
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what is non ionizing radiation
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UV light, microwave
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what do thymine dimers do
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cause DNA damage
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what is the most effective wave length
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260nm (uv)
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How does a microwave work
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heats H2O inside bacteria and causes it to burst from inside
no mutations are caused |
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disk diffusion method
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filter disc is dipped in chemical and placed on plate
space around disc is measured (zone of inhibition) for effectiveness chlorine is most effective |
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types of disinfectants
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phenol, phenolic, bisphenols,
disrupts plasma membrane but remain active in organic matter |
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