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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pork barrel |
the use of government funds for projects designed to please voters or legislators and win votes. |
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Formal powers |
are those powers that are explicitly stated; this means that the Constitution clearly states that the President has this power. |
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Informal powers |
Public persuasion, establishing bureaucracy, issue executive orders, issue signing statements. |
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Plural executive |
the powers of the Governor are limited and distributed amongst other government officials |
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Patronage |
the support given to an organization by someone |
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Package veto |
means that a president can veto a piece of legislation only in its entirety |
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Line item veto |
special form of veto power that authorizes a chief executive to reject particular provisions of a bill enacted by a legislature without vetoing the entire bill. |
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Pocket veto |
an indirect veto of a legislative bill by the president or a governor by retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session |
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Executive amendment |
an agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government made by the executive branch either alone or with Congressional approval and dealing usually with routine matters. |
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Executive order |
a rule or order issued by the president to an executive branch of the government and having the force of law |
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Bureaucracy |
a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. |
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incrementalism |
belief in or advocacy of change by degrees; gradualism. |
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line item budget |
a method used while creating and monitoring financial spending. |
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performance budgeting |
the practice of developing budgets based on the relationship between program funding levels and expected results from that program |
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zero-based budgeting |
a budgeting approach that involves developing a new budget from scratch every time (i.e., starting from “zero”), versus starting with the previous period's budget and adjusting it as needed. |
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capital budget |
identifying the cash in flows and cash out flows rather than accounting revenues and expenses flowing from the investment. |
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merit system |
determines the fitness of the candidate by the ability to pass a written competitive examination, given by a commission of examiners. |
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neutral competence |
the ability to do the work of government expertly |
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representative bureaucracy |
theory predicts that mirroring social groups in the composition of the bureaucracy will lead to inclusive policies and less overall exclusion of diverse individuals |
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affirmative action |
intended to alleviate under-representation and to promote the opportunities of defined minority groups within a society to give them equal access to that of the majority population. |
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collective bargaining |
negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees. |
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bureaucratic discretion |
to the authority exercised by members of the bureaucracy (unelected policy experts working within the executive branch) to carry out policy, deciding how it will be implemented. |
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clientele groups |
Special interest groups that benefit directly from the activities of a particular bureaucratic agency and therefore are strong advocates of the agency. |
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New Public Management |
created in the public sector to create change based on disaggregation, competition, and incentives. |
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coproduction |
on the production of own services and resources by citizens, completely or in part |
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e-government |
defined as the Government use of "web-based Internet applications or other information technology to enhance the access to and delivery of government information and services to the public, other agencies, and other Government entities |
