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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the integumentary system consist of? |
Skin and accessory structure |
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Name examples of some accessory glands |
hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, ceruminous glands, mammary glands, nails |
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What are the functions of the integumentary system? |
1. Protection 2. Body Temp Regulation 3. Sensation 4. Excretion 5. Vitamin D Production |
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Protection |
against UV light, bacterial invasion, and dehydration |
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body temp regulation |
blood flow and sweating |
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sensation |
nerve endings and receptors that detect temperature, touch, pressure and pain |
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excretion |
removal of waste through sweat
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vitamin d production |
produces vitamin d hormone with help of uv light |
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Skin |
- Protective barrier - 7% of total body weight average |
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what are the two regions of the skin |
1. Epidermis (superficial layer) 2. Dermis (deeper layer) |
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what is the hypodermis? |
which is subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia underneath the dermis |
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Name the skin layers from thickest to thinest |
hypodermis, dermis, epidermis |
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what is the epidermis composed of |
stratified squamous keratinized epithelial tissue |
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what are some qualities of the epidermis |
avascular, tightly packed, nerve supply good |
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melanocytes |
found in stratum basal, produce melanin |
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what are some types of cells in epidermis |
keratinocytes and melanocytes |
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what are the majority of the cells in the epidermis |
keratinocytes |
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where are melanocytes found |
in the stratum basal, produce melanin (skin pigment) |
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what does melanin do? |
protects the nucleus of cells from UV radiation in sunlight |
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What does UV do to the nucleus? |
damages the DNA |
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T or F: all races have the same number of melaocytes |
True |
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what are differences in skin color due to? |
differences in melanocytes activity or speed of melanin breakdown in keratinocytes |
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what are some damage response mechanisms for the cell radiation |
1. tentacles grow around the cell 2. tentacles pinch themselves off and embed in cytoplasm for another layer of protection 3. tentacles pinch and go into cell 4. shield nucleus to apical surface |
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what are the functions of the integumentary system |
1. protection 2. riding of waste 3. vitamin D production 4. Sensation 5. Excretion 6. Home for good bacteria |
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Thick skin |
- has all 5 layers form the epidermis - found on palms of hangs, finger tips, and soles of feet |
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Thin skin |
- has 4 layers form the epidermis - found everywhere else - hair is found here |
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What are the layers of the epidermis deepest to most superficial? |
Stratum Basale -> Stratum spinosum -> stratum granulosum -> stratum lucidum -> stratum corneum |
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stratum basale |
where mitosis occurs deepest layer one cell thick |
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stratum spinosum |
several cell layers thick lots of desmosomes present (gives spiky appearance) |
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stratum granulosum |
2-5 cell layers thick contains keratohyaline granules lipid filled lamented bodies lost nucleus and cytosol and keratinize |
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what are keratohylane granules |
they give strength to the epidermis but the cell has to die nucleus and cytosol |
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what do lamellated bodies |
lipid filled gives epidermis its water proofing properties granules not visible |
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stratum lucidum |
"clear layer" - only thick skin - transparent layer - palms toes and feet |
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stratum corneum |
20-30 cells thick, provides protection from external environment -all these cells are dead thicker in thick skin - irritation adds more layers= calluses |
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what are the two layers of the dermis |
1. papillary layers 2. recticular layers |
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what is in the dermis |
connective tissue layer of skin, find collagen, elastic fibers and blood vessels |
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what does it mean if you draw blood |
you penetrated the dermis layer |
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what happens when you have goosebumbs |
pili muscles makes stand up |
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what is more superficial layer of the dermis? |
papillary layer |
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what does the papillary layer connect to? |
the stratum basale of the epidermis |
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what is papillary layer of the dermis composed of? |
loose connective tissue |
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what happens when the papillary layer of the dermis and the epidermis separate? |
they form a blister from a fluid accumulation - inflammatory process wants to fill in the gap |
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pappilary layer |
superficial layer of the dermis that has projections called dermal papillae -find mostly elastin |
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what does the dermal papillae do? |
indent the epidermis |
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Recticular Layer |
Deep layer of the dermis -composed of dense irregular connective tissue |
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Which layer of the epidermis are melanocytes located? |
Stratum basale |
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What do you look for when evaluating moles for skin cancer? |
1. Asymmetry 2. Irregular Boarders 3. Irregular Colors 4. Diameter - If they change |
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What are the three types of skin cancer? |
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma 2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma 3. Malignant Melanoma |
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What is the most lethal type of cancer? |
malignant melanoma |
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What is the most common type of cancer? |
Basal cell carcinoma |
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basal cell carcinoma |
- cell of the stratum basal proliferates and invade the dermis and hypodermic - appears as shiny dome shaped nodules - 99% cure rate -least malignant |
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Squamous cell carcinoma |
- arrises in the keratinocytes of stratum spinosum - appears as small, scaly, red elevation - metastasizes, can be cured if caught early |
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malignant melanoma |
- cancer of the melanocytes, very dangerous -5% of skin cancers - survival is only 50% |
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Name your accessory structures of the skin |
Hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, ceruminous glands, mammary glands, nails |
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where are sebaceous glands located |
all over the body except for palms of hands and soles of feet |
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what do the sebaceous glands do? |
- secrete oil called sebum - lubricates hair and skin and inhibits growth of certain bacteria - keeps skin from cracking |
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If sebaceous gland becomes blocked by accumulated sebum what happens? |
it will form a whitehead, happens if stressed out, diet |
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if sebum material oxidizes and dries it will form what? |
blackhead |
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where are sebaceous glands not located? |
soles of feet, palms of hands |
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where are your sweat glands located? |
distributed over the entire skin surface except for the nipples and parts of the genitalia |
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what are 2 types of sweat glands? |
1. Eccrine 2. Apocrine |
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T or F: Males start to sweat before females |
False, females are known to sweat before males |
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eccrine sweat glands |
- most of body, always functional - far more numerous, lots on palms of hands, soles of feet and forehead |
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what does sweat do? |
prevents the body from overheating |
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where are apocrine sweat glands located |
axillary and anogenital areas |
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Apocrine sweat glands |
found in the axillary and anogenital areas - begin at puberty - sweat secretion is odorless, body odor is caused by bacteria (which feeds on excretion) |
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ceruminous glands |
- modified apocrine glands found in lining of external ear canal - secrete cerumen |
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what is cerumen |
ear wax, good bacteria, mucus plug - can be transferred |
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why do children get ear infections more than adults? |
angle is very low, so stuff gets stuck |
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mammary glands |
- specialized sweat glands which secrete milk - males have the hardware but it doesn't work |
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what are the functions of connective tissue? |
protection, store energy (adipose), provide immunity (WBC), support, lubrication |
