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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the study of cells called? |
Cytology |
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What is the plasma membrane? |
The cell membrane that forms the outer limiting barrier separating the internal contents of the cell from the external environment |
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This is the largest structure within the cell and is enclosed by a nuclear envelope. |
Nucleus |
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What is cytoplasm? |
A general term for all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus |
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This is the viscous syrup like fluid of the cytoplasm |
The cytosol |
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What are organelles? |
Complex organized structures within cells that have unique characteristics shapes and functions |
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What are membrane-bound organelles? |
Organelles enclosed by a membrane similar to the plasma membrane |
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What are the general functions of a cell? |
Maintaining integrity and the shape of a cell obtaining nutrients and forming chemical building blocks, and disposing of waste |
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What is a plasma membrane made of? |
Phospholipids, which make up a phospholipid bilayer |
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What is a phospholipid? |
A lipid with a balloon-like head that is hydrophilic and two tails that are nonpolar and hydrophobic |
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What is interstitial fluid? |
The fluid that surrounds the cell and remains outside |
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Why is there cholesterol scattered within the hydrophobic regions of the phospholipid bilayer? |
It strengthens the membrane and stabilizes it at temperature extremes |
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What are glycolipids? |
Lipids with attached carbohydrate groups. They are located only on the outer phospholipid layer of the membrane where they are exposed to the interstitial fluid |
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What are integral proteins? |
Proteins embedded within the membrane and extend across the phospholipid bilayer |
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What is a glycoprotein? |
An integral membrane protein that has carbohydrates exposed to the interstitial fluid |
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What is a peripheral protein? |
Proteins that are not embedded within the lipid bilayer |
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What is a transport protein? |
Proteins that provide a means of regulating the movement of substances across the plasma membrane |
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What are cell surface receptors? |
They bind specific molecules that are called ligands |
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What are ligands? |
Molecules that bind to macromolecules |
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What are identity markers? |
They communicate to other cells that they belong to the body, used mostly in the immune system |
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_____ may be attached either to the internal or external surface of a cell for catalyzing chemical reactions |
Enzymes |
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What are anchoring sites? |
They secure the site the cytoskeleton. They are the internal protein support of a cell |
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What are cell adhesion proteins? |
They are for cell to cell attachments |
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What is membrane transport? |
Obtaining and eliminating substances across the plasma membrane occurs through several different processes that are collectively called membrane transport |
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What are the two types of membrane transport? |
Passive processes and active processes |
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What is diffusion? |
The net movement of a substance from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated |
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What is the steepness of a concentration gradient? |
It measures the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas. a steeper concentration gradient causes a faster rate of diffusion |
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This reflects the kinetic energy of random movement of a substance |
Temperature |
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What is simple diffusion? |
When molecules do not require a transport protein and they simply passed between the phospholipid molecules that form the plasma membrane |
