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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lebensraum
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German for living space, doctrine from Karl Haushofer supported by Hitler, "needed" in order to create great Aryan Race, Slavs in the way, a nation power depended on the kind of land it occupied, Germany should seize Russia and have Slavs for slaves
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appeasement
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started with Anglo-German Naval pact (1935) based on belief that Euro states satisfied seasonable demands of the dissatisfied, they would become content nd therefore stability would come, mostly becuse Brits didn't want war and thought Nazis were the best option over soviets
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Rome-Berlin Axis
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recognized Germany and Italy's common interests economically and politically, also brought together by the joint assistance of France in Spanish Civil War
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diplomatic revolution
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Hitler's realization that a violent revolution wouldn't bring him political gain but that he would have to work up the system and win the love of the German people in order for his plan to succeed
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Neville Chamberlain
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prime minister of Britain, strong advocate of appeasment, survival of Great Britain = compliance with Germany, told Hitler he wouldn't oppose changers in central Euro as long as they were peaceful, thought "peace for our time" was gained via Munich conf.
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Sudetanland
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mountainous NW border area of Czech, home to 3 million Germans also had czech's most industrial resources, given to German forces 9/29/38
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Blitzkrieg
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"lightning war" in stages to stun enemy with speed and efficiency, lused coordinated attack on one part of enemy line with airforce, then tanks, then artillery helped win Poland which was divided between Germany and soviets then later used ater a dry spell of Sitzkrieg, used on Netherlands, Belgium and France, Denmark and Norway
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panzer division
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strike force of 300 tanks and accoumanying forces and supplies, armored columns
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Vichy France
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part of France under puppet government of war hero Marsha Henri Petain (authoritarian) over 1/3ish of France while Germans occupied remainder, Exiled French gov't chilled in GB (Free France)
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Winston Churchill
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replaced Chamberlain, advocated hard-line police for Nazis not appeasement, confident he could guide GB to vitory, very inspiring leader, rallying speeches, stubborm, refuced to make peace
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Luftwaffe
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Germain air force needed control of air in order to attack GB led to major offensive against Brit air and naval bases, harbors, communication centers and war factories in August 1940, harder with Brit RADAR, saved Brit by Hitler's stratagy changed (bombings = morale breaker)
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Axis Powers
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Germany, Italy, Japan
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Allied Powers
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Brit, US, Soviet Union, agreed to stress military opps. while ignoring political differences, 1943 = fight till Axis surrenders
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unconditional surrender
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helped cement Grand Alliance, agreed to in 1943, Allies fight till Axis surrenders, maybe discouraged Germ and Jap revolts and overthrows in favor of peace
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General Erwin Rommel
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led Afrika Korps in North Africa which helped break Brit defenses in Egypt
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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general directing Allie dforces to Normandy
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Nazi New Order
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racial differences important in the conquering of peoples The order est. by Germans while occupying foreign countries, "Aryan Countries" (Norway, Denmark, Netherlands) get civil administration s while inferiors get military ones (France) ruthless economic exploitation upon conquered nations, resources = food , shelter, clothes, shortages, attempt to exterminate Jewish people
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Charles de Gaulle
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led a Nazi resistance called the Free French movement, created government in exile in London, intolerant of French communist resisters for fear of afdter war attects
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Josip Tito
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led band of guerillas against Germ occupation, with 250000 people 100000 were women in 1944 in Yugoslavia
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Stauffenberg
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part of resistance of conservative military officers and politicians who thought Hitler was wrong, thought killing hitler would overthrow Nazis, planted bomb in East Prussian Hitler HQ, didn't kill him, plot crushed hundereds executed for fear of connection (Valkyrie)
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Holocaust
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attempt to exterminate Jewish people, Aryans (best thing ever) vs. Jews (parasites)
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Final Solution
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SS given resp to annahilate jewish Peeps, Reinhard Heudrien in charge, created Einsatzgruppen which eventuallyu wasn't fast enough bringing the advent of death camps, had priority in railroads for trasport of Jews despite milt needs
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Auschwitz-Birkenau Camp
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largest and most infamous death camp, used hydrogen cyanide to kill (zyklon B) in gas chambers designed to look like showers, then corpses were to be burned, 2000+/day
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Einsatzgruppen
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special strike forces created by SS leader Reinhard Heydrien to round up all Polish Jews following the defeat of Poland and concentrate them in ghettos, June 1941 = mobile killing units followed army's advance into Russia to execute and bury Jews in mass graves (sometimes dug by victims) created morale issues, est. 1 mill Jews killed
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Invasion of USSR and Stalingrad
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Hiter didn't want a two front war but didn't want Brit and Soviet Pact, thought Jewish and Bolshevik leaders could be defeated easily with their so-called weak armeis, delayed because of Balkan issues, June 22, 1941= thought defeat would come before winter, inflated Nazi colonization visions
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4) The battle of Midway
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Japan’s target was the midway if they could take it they would have a secure defensive perimeter far from the home islands. The code breaking machines of the U.S. deciphered Japanese messages. This time Americans weren’t surprised and were waiting for Japan to attack. It was in June 1942, and was a turning point into eh Pacific war. Now Japan on the defensive
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6) Winston Churchill
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British prime minister disagreed how to wage war against Germany. Blocked Stalin’s plan to make America attack German troops away from Soviet Front. British commanders did not want a large scale invasion of Europe. He argued that it was essential to win control of the North Atlantic shipping lanes first and promoted air attacks on Germany and a smaller, safer attack on Axis positions in North Africa. He meant to halt the Germans in North Africa and so protect British imperial possessions in the Mediterranean and the oil rich Middle East.
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9) Battle for Stalingrad
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On the Soviet front, against all odds the soviets hung on fighting block by block for control of Stalingrad in the cold to defeat the German Sixth Army in early 1943.
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13) Manhattan Project
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the most important focus of gov’t sponsored scientific research. It was a secret effort to build an atomic bond. Roosevelt thought Germany was building one so he did too. The world’s first sustained nuclear chain reaction was achieved at University of Chicago in 1942 and in 1943 the fed gov’t set up a secret community for atomic scientists and their families at Los Alamos New Mexico.
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36) D-Day-
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The second front opened in the dark morning hours of June 6, 1944- largest amphibious landing in history, 200000 Allied troops under the command of Am. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower scrambled ashore at Normandy France. 1000s of ships ferried the men within a hundred yards of beaches. When they landed they encountered the enemy- they triggered mines and were pinned down by fire from the Cliffside pillboxes. The allied airborne troops dropped behind German lines
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46) Hiroshima
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August 6, 1945 a B-29 bomber named after the pilot’s mother, The Enola Gay, dropped an atomic bomb above the city of Hiroshima. A flash of dazzling light shot across the sky then came a huge purple mushroom cloud forty thousand feet into the atmosphere. The bomb ignited a firestorm, and thousands who survived the initial blast burned to death. 130000 people were killed. Many faced radiation poisoning.
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28) The Munich conference
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- France and Britain agreed to allow Hitler to this territorial bite, in exchange for a pledge that he would not take more
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45) Fall of France
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At Dunkirk, France, between May 26 and June 6, more than 300000 Allied soldiers frantically escaped to Britain on a flotilla of small boats. The Germans occupied Paris a week later. A new French gov’t located in town of Vichy decided to collaborate with the Nazis and on June 22, surrendered France to Berlin. Now that France was out of war German Luftwaffe (air force) launched massive bombing raids against GB in preparation for full scale invasion.
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ARYANS
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ANGLO-GERMAN NAVAL PACK
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RHINELAND
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"PEACE IN OUR TIME"
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1939 NON-AGRESSION PACT
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MAGINOT LINE
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BATTLE OF BRITAIN
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MANCHUKUO
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GREAT EAST ASIS CO PROSPERITY SPHERE
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GRAND ALLIANCE
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BATTLE OF KURSK
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CLAUS VON STAUFFENBERG
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MADAGASCAR PLAN
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WANNSEE CONFERENCE
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LAND GIRLS
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DIG FOR VICTORY
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