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99 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Sepsis |
Septicemia, then progress to sepsis, to sever sepsis, final septic shock. Lymphagitis is common |
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Gram negative sepsis |
Gram positive bacteria Most dangerous part is the release of large amounts of LPS into circulation-- inflammation. |
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Gram positive sepsis |
Gram positive bacteria Most often result of infections at surgical sites. Nosocomial infections. High abx resistance. |
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Puerperal sepsis |
Streptococcus pyogenes Infection of the uterus after childbirth |
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Rheumatic fever |
Streptococcus pyogenes Often seen in children 5-15 yrs. Inflammation of heart/joints |
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Tularemia |
Francisella tularensis Small ID. Causes serious disease but rarely fatal |
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Anthrax |
Bacillus anthracis 3 different types of increasing mortality: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalational |
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Gas gangrene |
Clostridium perfringens Gas production allows organisms to spread to neighboring tissues quickly |
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Cat scratch |
Bartonella henselae |
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Plague |
Yersinia pestis All forms start with buboes then progress to either septicemic or pneumonic |
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Relapsing fever |
Borrelia hermsii Organism is capable of antigenic variation. Leads to alternating periods of sickness and health |
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Lyme borreliosis |
Borrelia burgdorferi Initial infection site shows bulls eye rash called an erythema migrans |
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Epidemic typhus |
Rickettsia prowazekii High mortality rates if untreated |
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Rocky mtn spotted fever |
Rickettsia rickettsii |
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Burkitts lymphoma |
Epstein virus Tumor of the jaw |
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Infectious mononucleosis |
Epstein barr virus Kissing disease |
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Cytomegalovirus |
Cytomegalovirus (herpes) Disease is mild in healthy adults, immunocompromised experience severe pneumonia or eye infection |
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Yellow fever |
Hemorrhagic fever Causes jaundice |
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Chagas disease |
Trypanosoma cruzi Flagellated protozoan |
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Ebola hemorrhagic fever |
Ebolavirus a type of filovirus |
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Toxoplasmosis |
Toxoplasma gondii The organism completes its life cycle in the cat. House cats are not infected. Feral cats are the source of the infection. |
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Malaria |
Plasmodium faciparum The organism has a complex life cycle that includes replication in RBCs and the liver |
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Impetigo
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Staphylococcus areus/ Streptococcus pyogenes Vesicles containing yellow liquid on the skin, break open and generate crusty patches |
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folliculitis (boils)
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Staphylococcus areus/Streptococcus pyogenes hair follicles boils (containing pus) |
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scalded skin syndrome
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Staphylococcus areus Skin |
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Otitis externa (swimmers ear)
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Pseudomomas aeruginosa Ear |
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Necrotizing fasciitis
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Streptococcus pyogenes broken skin |
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Acne
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Propionibacterium acnes pores of the skin |
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Warts
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skin |
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Smallpox (variola)
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Variola Virus Respiratory Tract |
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Measles (rubiola)
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Measles virus Respiratory Tract Macular Rash on face then spreading to rest of body |
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Rubella (Rubella)
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Rubella virus respiratory Tract Macular rash 3 days. Greatest concern is congenital rubella syndrome |
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coldsores
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Skin/mucus membranes |
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Genital Herpes |
skin/mucus membranes |
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chickenpox |
Respiratory Tract |
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Shingles(herpes zoster) |
Latent virus nerves |
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Cutaneous Mycosis |
skin/grow on keratin Ringworm(tinea), jock itch, athletes foot |
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Oral Trush |
mucus membranes |
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Vaginitis
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mucus membranes |
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Scabies
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skin |
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Lice |
skin |
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Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) |
conjunctiva |
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Trachoma
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conjunctiva |
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H. flu meningitis
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Haemophilus influenzae (gram negative) respiratory tract Vaccine Exists (capsular antigen) |
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Meningococcal Meningitis
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Neisseria meningitidis (gram negative) respiratory tract (saliva) Vaccine Exists (capsular antigen), rash, can cause epidemics |
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Pneumonoccal meningitis
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Strep pneumoniae (gram positive) respiratory tract Vaccine Exists |
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Listeriosis
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Listeria monocytogenes (gram positive) food borne Diary products! |
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Cryptococcosis
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Cryptococcus neoformans (fungus) respiratory tract Inhalation of bird droppings |
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tetanus
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Clostridium tetani (gram positive) deep wounds symptoms due to the release of a toxin--tetanospasim, inhibits muscle relaxation |
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botulism
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Clostridium botulinum (gram positive) food borne symptoms due to the release of a toxin, leads to flaccid paralysis |
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Leprosy (hansen's)
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Mycobacterium leprae skin lepromatous--skin, disfiguring tuberculoid--loss of sensation |
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polio
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fecal-oral route vaccine |
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rabies |
animal bite/scratch vaccine ony 6 confirmed survivers |
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West Nile Encephalitis
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arbovirus Mosquito vector |
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African Sleeping Sickness
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Trypanosoma brucei Tsetse fly |
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
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prion ingested/inherited |
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Streptococcal pharyngitis
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Streptococcus pyogenes Respiratory secretions |
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Scarlet fever
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Streptococcus pyogenes respiratory secretions Strains produce an erythrogenic toxin the produces the red color |
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Diphtheria
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Produces a pseudomembrane that can block air ways. Some produce a deadly toxin. |
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common cold
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rhinovirus/coronavirus RS There are over 100 types of rhinovirus that cause the cold. Remember that cough medicines treat symptoms only! NOT your infection. |
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Pneumoccocal pneumonia
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Streptococcus pneumoniae (Gram +) RS humans are the reservoir |
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Haemophilus Influenzae Pneumonia
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Haemophilus influenzae (Gram -) RS usually patients have a predisposing condition: alcoholism, poor nutrition, cancer, or diabetes |
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walking pneumonia
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae (wall-less) RS this organism is wall-less and responds to tetracyclines, patients remain carriers for many weeks |
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Legionnaires' disease
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Legionella pneumonphila inhalation of aerosolized h2o No person to person transmission. Men over the age of 50 who are heavy smoker, drinkers, or chronically ill are especially susceptible. |
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Psittacosis (Ornithosis)
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Chlamydophila psittaci contact with bird droppings |
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Q fever
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Coxiella burnetii mammals most cases are spread by diary cattle. |
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pertussis-whooping cough
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Bordetella pertussis RS coughing occurs because airways become clogged with mucous |
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tuberculosis |
mycobacterium tuberculosis RS organism is extremely resistant to disinfection |
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Infuenza(flu)
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influenza virus aerosolized virus This virus is an RNA virus that mutates over time and gives rise to different H1N1, H5N1, etc. There are 3 main types A, B, and C |
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dental caries
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infection This process is a combination of activities of many bacterial species. S. mutans begins this process |
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staphylococcal food poisoning
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intoxication(enterotoxin) Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea |
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bacillary dysentery
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infection dysentery |
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salmonellosis |
infection nausea/diarrhea |
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typhoid fever |
infection Serious disease that occurs in 4 phases. Increasing fever, high fever along with rash, and intestinal perforation. |
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cholera
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infection Rice water stool. Huge loss of water daily. |
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gastroenteritis
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infection Causes serious systemic disease (sepsis or cellulitis) |
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enterohemorrhagic e.coli
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infection similar to dysentery |
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travlers diarrhea
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infection Usually E. coli, but other G- rods such as Shigella and Campylobacter can also cause this disease |
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peptic ulcer
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peptic ulcers huge numbers of people are infected but only a small percentage develop ulcers. |
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c. diff |
mild to severe infection seen in patients that have been on high dose (broad spectrum) antibiotic therapy. |
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fried rice syndrome |
intoxication Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea |
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hep A |
ingestion of virus usually subclinical especially in young people. May cause jaundice, fever, malaise (vaccine) |
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Hep B
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sexual contact, parenteral usually subclinical infection, but more likely to progress to severe liver damage (vaccine) |
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Hep C
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parenteral more likely to become chronic, but slow progressing |
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viral gastroenteritis |
oral-fecal route vomiting and/or diarrhea for about a week |
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viral gastroenteritis |
oral/fecal route Vomiting and/or diarrhea for a few days |
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mumps
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saliva/RS swelling of the parotid glands |
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Giardiasis |
contaminated water nausea, flatulence (gas), weakness, weight loss, and abdominal cramps |
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amebic dysentery |
contaminated food/water severe dysentery (contain blood and mucus). Destruction of intestinal wall causes other infections |
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Tapeworms |
taenia undercooked meat abdominal cramps |
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Pinworms
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contact w/infected person localized itchiness |
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Cystitis (bladder inflammation)
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~90% E. coli, rare Staphylococcus saprophyticus painful and urgent urination |
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Pyelonephritis (kidney inflammation)
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most common is E. coli fever/back pain |
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gonorrhea |
Neisseria gonorrheae sexual contact organism can infect several tissues including the: eyes, rectum, urethra, and cervix |
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Chlamydia urethritis
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Chlamydia trachomatis SC organism can infect several tissues including the: eyes, rectum, urethra, and cervix |
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
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Neisseria gonorrheae and Chlamydia trachomatis SC Most serious form is salpingitis. 25% women that suffer from PID will have serious complications |
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syphilus
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treponema pallidum SC Occurs in three stages. The primary stage is marked by the chancre, secondary is marked by a rash, and tertiary stage is marked by gummas. Latency is a problem |
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genital gerpes
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SC you cannot get herpes from a public toilet. 20% of sexually active americans is infected. |
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AIDS
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human immunodeficiency virus SC AIDS is the result of a prolonged infection with HIV and often happens years to decades after the initial infection |
