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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aneuploidy |
Condition in an organism whose cells have lost or gained a chromosome (down syndrome) |
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Bilaterally Symmetrical |
Where a single plain divides an organism into two structural halves that mirror each other |
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Character States |
In cladistics, one of the two or more distinguishable forms, such as presence or absence of teeth in amniote vertebrates |
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Cladistics |
A taxonomic technique used for creating hierarchies of organisms that represent true phylogenetic relationship and descent |
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Cladogram |
Depicts the hypothesis of evolutionary relationships |
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Classification |
Refers to how we place species and higher groups (genus, family, class) intot he taxonomy hierarchy |
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Derived |
To turn the course of, as water; to divert and distribute into subordinate channels; to diffuse; to communicate; to transmit; |
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Direct Development |
Direct development is when the newborn offspring of a species is similar in most regards to the adult |
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Endosymbiotic |
Theory that proposes that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiosis between different species of prokaryotes |
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Genome |
Entire DNA sequence of an organism |
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Heterochrony |
Alteration in the timing of developmental events due to a genetic change (mutation that delays flowering in plants) |
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Homeosis |
A change in the normal spatial pattern of gene expression that can result in homeotic mutants where a wild-type structure develops in the wrong place in or on the organism |
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Homoplastic Convergence |
? |
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Homoplasy |
Refers to a shared character state that has not been inherited from a common ancestor exhibiting that character state |
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Horizontal Gene Transfer |
The passing of genes laterally between species |
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Indirect Development |
Encompasses a larval stage that undergoes a metamorphic transition into a juvenile |
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Molecular Clock |
States the rate of evolution of a molecule is constant through time |
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Monophyletic |
A group that includes the most recent common ancestor of the group and all its decedent's. (A clade) |
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Morphology |
The form and structure of an organism |
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Outgroup |
Species or group of species closely related to but not included within a taxon |
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Paraphyletic |
A group that includes the most recent common ancestor, but NOT all its descendants |
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Pax6 |
A transcription factor present during embryonic development. The encoded protein contains two different binding sites that are known to bind DNA and function as regulators of gene transcription |
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Phylogenetic Species Concept |
Defines a species on the basis of their relationships |
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Phylogeny |
Evolutionary history of an organism, including which species are cloesly related and in what order they evolved |
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Polyphyletic |
A group that does NOT include the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group |
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Polyploidy |
Condition in which one or more entire sets of chromosomes is added to the diploid genome |
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Principle of Parsimony |
Stating that scientists should favor the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions |
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Psuedogenes |
A copy of a gene that is not transcribed |
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Radically Symmetrical |
Type of structural symmetry with a circular plan, dividing the body or structure through the midpoint in any direction yields two identical sections |
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Species Richness |
A greater number of species per clade |
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Systematics |
The reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships |
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Transcription |
The enzyme-catalyzed assembly of an RNA molecule complementary to a stand of DNA |
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Transposons |
DNA sequence capable of transposition |
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Vertical Gene Transfer |
Passing of genes from one generation to the next within a species |
