Chp. 18

Front 1

Appeasement-

Back 1

effort to forestall war by giving in to the demands of a hostile power

Front 2

Bilateral treaty-

Back 2

a treaty made between two nations

Front 3

Bush Doctrine-

Back 3

foreign policy based on the idea that the United States should take preemptive action against threats to its national security

Front 4

Cold War-

Back 4

the period of struggle between the United States and the former Soviet Union between the late 1940s and about 1990

Front 5

Deterrence-

Back 5

the development and maintenance of military strength as a means of discouraging attack

Front 6

Diplomacy-

Back 6

the representation of a government to other governments

Front 7

Executive agreement-

Back 7

an agreement, made between the president and another country, that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate's "advice and consent"

Front 8

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)-

Back 8

international trade organization, in existence from 1947 to 1995, that set many of the rules governing international trade

Front 9

International Monetary Fund (IMF)-

Back 9

an institution established in 1944 that provides loans and facilitates international monetary exchange

Front 10

Most favored nation status-

Back 10

agreement to offer a trading partner the lowest tariff rate offered to other trading partners

Front 11

Nation-state-

Back 11

a political entity consisting of a people with some common cultural experience (nation) who also share a common political authority (state), recognized by other sovereignties (nation-states)

Front 12

Non-state actors-

Back 12

groups other than nation-states that attempt to play a role in the international system. Terrorist groups are one type of non-state actor

Front 13

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)-

Back 13

trade treaty among the United States, Canada, and Mexico to lower and eliminate tariffs among the three countries

Front 14

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-

Back 14

a treaty organization, comprising the United States, Canada, and most of Western Europe, formed in 1948 to counter the perceived threat from the Soviet Union

Front 15

Preemption-

Back 15

the principle that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas. In foreign policy, the willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack

Front 16

Preventive war-

Back 16

policy of striking first when a nation fears that a foreign foe is comtemplating hostile action

Front 17

Isolationism

Back 17

desire to avoid involvement in the affairs of other nations

Front 18

United Nations (UN)-

Back 18

an organization of nations founded in 1945 to be a channel for negotiation and a means of settling international disputes peaceably. The UN has had frequent successes in providing a forum for negotiation and on some occasions a means of preventing international conflicts from spreading. On a number of occasions, the UN has been a convenient cover for U.S. foreign policy goals