Chp. 14

Front 1

Bureaucracy-

Back 1

the complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles of organization that are employed by all large-scale institutions to coordinate the work of their personnel

Front 2

Department-

Back 2

the largest subunit of the executive branch. The secretaries of the fifteen departments form the Cabinet

Front 3

Deregulation-

Back 3

a policy of reducing or eliminating regulatory restraints on the conduct of individuals or private institutions

Front 4

Devolution-

Back 4

a policy to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government, such as from the national government to the state and local governments

Front 5

Executive privilege-

Back 5

the claimthat confidential communications between a president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president

Front 6

Federal Reserve System-

Back 6

a system of twelve Federal Reserve Banks that facilitates exchanges of cash, checks, and credit; regulates member banks; and uses monetary policies to fight inflation and deflation

Front 7

Fiscal policy-

Back 7

the government's use of taxing, monetary, and spending powers to manipulate the economy

Front 8

Government corporation-

Back 8

a government agency that performs a service normally provided by the private sector

Front 9

Implementation-

Back 9

the efforts of departments and agencies to translate laws into specific bureaucratic rules and actions

Front 10

Independent agency-

Back 10

an agency that is not part of a Cabinet department

Front 11

Iron triangle-

Back 11

the stable, cooperative relationship that often develops among a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups. Not all of these relationships are triangular, but the iron triangle is the most typical

Front 12

Merit system-

Back 12

a product of civil service reform, in which appointees to positions in public bureaucracies must objectively be deemed qualified for those positions

Front 13

Oversight-

Back 13

the effort by Congress, through hearings, investigations, and other techniques, to exercise control over the activities of executive agencies

Front 14

Privatization-

Back 14

removing all or part of a program from the public sector to the private sector

Front 15

Regulatory agencies-

Back 15

departments, bureaus, or independent agencies whose primary mission is to impose limits, restrictions, or other obligations on the conduct of individuals or companies in the private sector

Front 16

Revenue agencies-

Back 16

agencies responsible for collecting taxes. Examples include the Internal Revenue Service for income taxes, the U.S. Customs Service for tariffs and other taxes on imported goods, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives for collection of taxes on the sales of those particular products