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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Salivary Glands |
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Salivary Glands are controlled by? |
autonomic nervous system |
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What are the functions of saliva? |
lubricate and cleanse oral mucosa digestion of food buffer from acids antibacterial activity maintains tooth integrity by remineralization Biofilm formation and supplies minerals for supra gingival calculus formation |
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What are the 2 salivary glands classified as? |
Major and Minor, depending on size |
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Both are what kind of glands? |
Exocrine |
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Both are composed of what? |
epithelium and connective tissue |
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Salivary glands consist of what? |
Capsule, Septum, lobes, lobules |
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What 2 types of secretory epithelial cells make up the salivary glands? |
Mucous and Serous; and mixed |
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acinus |
groups of secretory cells |
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Each acinus has what? |
a lumen |
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What is a lumen? |
central opening were salivary is deposited after being produced |
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Serous acini has what? |
narrow lumen |
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Mucous acini has what? |
wider lumen |
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Mucoserous acini? |
mucous cells around the lumen and serous demilune or bonnet. (mixed secretory) |
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Myoepithelial cells are located where? |
superior to some acini |
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What is the function of myoepithelial |
assist the flow of saliva out of the lumen into connecting ducts (intercalated ducts) |
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True or False: More then one myoepithelial cell is found on a single acinus? |
TRUE |
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Myoepithelial cells arise from what? |
Neural crest cells and are ectodermal |
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Myoepithelial cells are sometimes described as |
A octopus on a rock |
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DUCTAL SYSTEM OF SALIVARY GLANDS |
............................ |
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The ductal system actively participates in |
production and modification of saliva |
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What are the 3 types of ducts? |
Intercalated, Striated, and Excretory |
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Intercalated |
attached to acinus- found in the lobule |
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Striated |
connected to intercalated ducts- found in lobules |
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Excretory |
located in the septum- saliva exits the duct into oral cavity |
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MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS |
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What are the 3 major salivary glands? |
parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
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Parotid |
largest, encapsulated, 25% salivary flow |
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Where is Parotid located? |
behind ramus, anterior/inferior to ear |
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What product does the parotid produce? |
serous secretory product |
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What is the name of the major parotid duct and where is it located? |
Stenson's duct, located on buccal mucosa opposite #2 at the parotid papilla |
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Submandibular |
2nd largest, encapsulated, 60-65% salivary volume |
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Where is the submandibular gland located? |
submandibular fossa, posterior to the sublingual salivary gland |
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What product does the submandibular gland produce? |
Mixed secretory product |
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What is the main duct associated with the submandibular gland and where is it located? |
Wharton's duct, located at sublingual caruncle. |
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Sublingual Gland |
smallest, unencapsulated, 10% salivary volume |
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where is the sublingual gland located? |
sublingual fossa, anterior to the submandibular salivary glands |
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what product is produced by the sublingual gland? |
mucous secretory product |
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What is the main duct associated with sublingual gland? |
Bartholin's duct |
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Where is Bartholin's duct located? |
sublingual caruncle (smaller ducts along mandibular fold) |
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MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS |
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Minor salivary glands compared to major are? |
smaller and more numerous |
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They are what kind of gland? |
exocrine gland |
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Where do minor salivary glands open to? |
directly onto the mucosal surface |
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Where in the tissue are they scattered? |
buccal, lingual, and labial mucosa soft palate lateral zones of hard palate floor of mouth |
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Minor salivary glands are mainly what? |
mucous cells |
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What is the exception? |
Von Ebner's salivary gland it is serous cells and secretory product |
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Where is Von Ebner's gland located? |
submucosa deep to the lamina propria of the circumvallate lingual papillae |
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DEVELOPMENT OF SALIVARY GLANDS |
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what week of prenatal development do salivary glands grow? |
6-8 |
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The 3 major glands are? |
epithelial buds, form ectoderm and endoderm |
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buds grow into mesenchyme and produce? |
secretory cells (acini) and duct system |
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What is produced from the mesenchyme? |
outer capsule and inner septa |
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Which gland is the 1st to form? |
Parotid early in 6th week |
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Which gland is 2nd to form? |
Submandibular, late in 6th week |
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which gland is the 3rd to form? |
sublingual, 8th week |
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complete development only happens when? |
when there is development between epithelium, mesenchyme, nerves, and blood vessels. |
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THYROID/ PARATHYROID GLAND |
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The thyroid is? |
The largest endocrine gland |
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Where is the thyroid located? |
anterior and lateral regions of the neck, inferior to thyroid cartilage. |
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How many lobes connect to thyroid? |
2 lateral lobes connected anteriorly by isthmus |
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What stimulates metabolic rate? |
Thyroxine |
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In a healthy patient the thyroid can be? |
can be palpated and is mobile. moves superiorly when swallowing. |
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Parathyroid consists of? |
4-8 small endocrine glands |
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The parathyroid is? |
not visible or palpable |
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The parathyroid may alter? |
the thyroid |
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involved in what? |
disease process |
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HISTOLOGY OF THYROID AND PARATHYROID |
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What are they covered by? |
connective tissue |
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Capsule does what? |
extends into gland by septa |
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Septa divides what? |
gland into lobes and lobules |
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lobule is made of? |
follicles |
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follicles are filled with? |
colloid or stiff material used for making thyroxine |
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DEVELOPMENT OF THYROID/PARATHYROID |
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1st endocrine to appear in embryonic development is? |
the thyroid and parathyroid |
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forms how? |
from a median down growth at base of tongue, connected by thyroglossal duct witch later disappears |
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Foramen cecum is what? |
opening of thyroglossal duct |
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foramen cecum is located where? |
sulcus terminalis |
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LYMPHATICS |
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Lymphatics are what? |
part of immune system |
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they help fight what? |
disease |
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Lymphatic system is made up of? |
network of lymphatic vessels linking lymph nodes |
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lymphatic vessels follow |
venous blood vessels and are more numerous |
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What is lymph? |
tissue fluid from surrounding regions |
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Found where? |
within most oral tissue (even pulp) |
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located on which side of body? |
left and right |
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Lymph nodes |
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lymph nodes are shaped like? |
beans |
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grouped in? |
clusters |
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what are they connected to? |
lymphatic vessels |
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What do lymph nodes do? |
filter toxic products from tissue fluids to prevent from entering blood |
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What are the nodes like on a healthy person? |
small, soft, and freely moveable and cannot be palpated |
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How are the classified? |
primary or secondary |
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HISTOLOGY/DEVELOPMENT OF LYMPH NODES |
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What is lymph composed of? |
lymphoid tissue containing lymphocytes |
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Nodule is? |
surrounded by capsule and bands of trabeculae |
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Trabeculae separates what? |
the node into masses of lymphocytes or lymphatic nodules |
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Lymph flows where? |
between lymphatic nodules and other tissue spaces |
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What do they have? |
germinal center that contains immature lymphocytes |
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when mature, lymphocytes? |
enter the area of the nodule of lymph |
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lymphatic vessels develop from |
blood vessels |
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INTRAORAL TONSILLAR TISSUE |
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Intraoral tonsillar tissue is what? |
encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue located in the lamina propria of oral mucosa |
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tonsils contain what? |
lymphocytes and filter toxic products |
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tonsillar tissue is located where? |
near airway and food passages to help protect body against disease processes |
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PALATINE TONSILS |
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palatine tonsils are what? |
2 rounded masses of variable size, |
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where are they located? |
between anterior and posterior faucial pillar |
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each mass contains? |
fused-together lymphatic nodules that have germinal centers. |
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Each tonsil have how many epithelial grooves? |
10-20 |
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these do what? |
penetrate deep into tonsil to form crypts. |
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what do crypts contain? |
shed epithelial cells, mature lymphocytes and oral bacteria. |
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OTHER TONSILS |
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Lingual tonsil |
indistinct later of diffuse lymphoid tissue |
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located where? |
base of dorsal surface of tongue. |
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Pharyngeal tonsils |
behind uvula, superior and posterior walls go nasopharynx. |
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what are these called when they are enlarged? |
adnoids |
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NASAL CAVITY |
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Nasal cavity lateral wall has how many structures? |
3 |
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Nasal Conchae |
extends inward |
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Beneath conchae are? |
openings though which paranasal sinuses or nasolacrimal ducts communicate with nasal cavity |
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Posterior part of nasal cavity communicates with what? |
nasophyarnx then with the rest of respiratory system. |
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PARANASAL SINUS |
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paranasal are what? |
paired, air-filled cavities in bone. |
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consist of? |
Frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and maxillary |
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sinuses serve to? |
lighten skull bones act as resonators provide mucous |
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Paranasal sinuses are lined with what? |
respiratory mucosa |
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Maxillary sinuses |
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What size at birth? |
small |
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grow till when? |
puberty |
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not fully developed until? |
all perm teeth have erupted |
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ETHMOIDAL sinuses |
only a few at birth, don't start to grow until 6-8 yrs old |
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FRONTAL AND SPHENOID SINUSES |
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True or false? They are present at birth? |
FALSE |
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at what age do anterior ethmoidal sinuses grow? |
2 years |
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they grow into where? |
frontal bone |
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what does this form? |
frontal sinus on each side |
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When are they visible on radiographs? |
7 yrs |
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How many posterior ethmoidal sinuses grow? |
2 |
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they grow where? |
into sphenoid bone |
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what do they form? |
sphenoidal sinuses |
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THE END!!!!!!!! |
:) |
