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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of muscle |
skeletal cardiac smooth |
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skeletal muscle |
attached mainly to bones, striated, voluntary control -cells are long and cylinder like, 2nd longest cells in the body |
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what are the largest cells in the body |
neurons |
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cardiac muscle |
-found in heart, striated, involuntary
-cells are shorter in length and are branched, weird shape -cells have many gap junctions |
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smooth muscle |
located in the walls of hollow organs and in the skin, non striated, involuntary -very different from skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue |
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what are the functions of muscle tissue |
1. Movement 2. Support 3. Generates heat |
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3 movements of muscle tissue |
1. skeletal- walking, running 2. cardiac- blood in heart 3. smooth- food in digestive system |
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support function of muscle tissue |
helps with poster and strengthens abdominal wall and joints |
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What is a similarity between skeletal and cardiac muscle |
both have nuclei and striations |
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function of muscle tissue: Generating heat |
during the process of muscle contraction (shivering) - increasing muscle, increase heat |
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what are the 3 layers of connective tissue associated with skeletal muscle |
1. Epimysium 2. Perimysium 3. Endomysium |
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epimysium |
layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire external surface of a muscle |
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perimysium |
layer of connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle (group of muscle fibers) |
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endomysium |
layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber |
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all 3 layers of connective tissue are continuous with one another and help form what? |
tendons of the muscle |
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Hierarchy of muscle |
muscle-> fasicle->muscle fiber ->myofibril->sarcomere |
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what is a muscle fiber |
a cell |
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what is a myofibril |
an organelle in the muscle cell |
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skeletal muscle cells are also called what |
muscle fibers |
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what is unique about the structure of a muscle fiber |
they have a highly specialized plasma membrane called the sarcolemma |
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what is the sarcoplasm |
they cytoplasm of the muscle cell |
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what does the sarcoplasm contain high amounts of |
glycogen and myoglobin |
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glycogen |
storage form of glucose |
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myoglobin |
red pigment that stores O2 in muscle cells, it is an inclusion |
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what are myofibrils composed of |
myofilaments |
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what are the two types of myofilaments |
actin and myosin |
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which is a thin filament |
actin |
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which is the thick filament |
myosin |
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what is myosin composed of
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protein myosin that resemble golf clubs -each myosin protein has a tail and 2 heads |
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what is actin composed of |
proteins actin, tropomyosin and troponin |
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actin |
each actin molecule has a binding site -during contraction myosin heads will bind to the actin binding sites and form cross bridges |
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what is F actin |
the whole strand |
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what is g actin |
each individual bead of actin |
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myosin head + myosin binding site (actin) = ? |
cross-bridge |
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what does troponin C do? |
binds with calcium |
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what does troponin T do? |
binds why tropomyosin |
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what does troponin I do? |
binds with actin |
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what is the structure called that covers actin located binding site |
tropomyosin |
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sarcomeres |
regions that myofibrils are sectioned into |
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Each sarcomere extends from what to what |
Z disk to Z disk |
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M line |
middle of H zone, contains protein that connect thick myofilaments |
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A band |
thick and thin filaments, Z line to Z line |
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I band |
contains only thin myofilament (actin) |
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H band |
only thick filaments (myosin) |
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titin |
largest protein in the body that uncoils, titian holds the sarcomeres together |
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smooth endoplasmic recticulum of skeletal muscle |
sarcoplasmic recticulum |
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sacroplasmic recticulum |
stores Ca |
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terminal cisternae |
located on both sides of T-tubule -dilated ends of the SR |
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Transverse tubules |
infoldings of the sarcolemma -dip into muscle cell, sitting on outside -invagination of membrane |
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triad |
terminal cisterna transverse tubule terminal cisterna |
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neuromuscular junction |
a specialized synapse between a motor neurom and the sarcolemma of a muscle cell
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spingomyelin |
creates myelin |
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what is the trigger zone |
initial segment of axon and axon hilock |
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what are the 3 parts of the neuromuscular junction |
1. presynaptic terminal 2. synaptic cleft 3. post synaptic cleft |
