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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is used in the treatment of wide-angle glaucoma which works by stimulating M3 receptors leadingto ciliary muscle contraction.
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Echothiophate
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An antidote for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
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Pralidoxime
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A reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is used to slow the progression of Alzheimer disease (by about 6 months).
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"Tacrine (similar drug, donepezil)"
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A long-acting reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is used to treat myasthenia gravis.
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Pyridostigmine
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A short-acting reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis.
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Edrophonium
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Mechanism by which bronchoconstiction occurs.
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Activation of the parasympathetics and action of ACh on M3 receptors leads to activation of bronchi smooth muscle via an increase in intracellular calcium due to a Gq mediated increase in PLC.
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An older class of drugs that was once used to treat hypertensive emergencies by competively inhibiting nicotinic receptors on the postsyaptic neuron of the autonomic ganglia.
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"Hexamethonium, mecamylamine, trimethaphan"
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A non-selective muscarinic receptor agonist that is useful in treating narrow-angle glaucoma due to its principle M3 effects that result in contraction of the sphincter of the iris. (Also useful in wide-angle glaucoma due to contraction of the ciliary muscle.)
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Pilocarpine
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A muscarinic and nicotinic receptor agonist that is used to treat wide-angle glaucoma (M3) or produce pupillary miosis during ophthalmologic surgery.
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Carbachol
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A muscarinic (M2 and M3) agonist that is used to treat bladder atony in the postpartum or postoperative period which works by increaising bladder contraction and relaxing the bladder sphincter via the M3 receptor.
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Bethanechol
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"A competitive muscarinic receptor (M1, M2, M3) inhibitor that is used in the treatment of bradycardia during cardiac emergencies and is an antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor poisioning and is also found in insecticide."
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Atropine
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Two antidotes for atropine poisoning.
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Phyostigmine or pralidoxime
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Side effects of atropine.
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"Hyperthermia, cycloplegia, tachycardia, flushing, decreased salivation, psychosis"
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A derivative of atropine that is specific for M1 receptors and can be used to prevent motion sickness.
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Scopolamine
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Alternatives to atropine for producing mydriasis for retinal exams.
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Homatropine and tropicamid
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"A muscarinic antagonist (M1, M2, M3) that is used in the treatment of Parkinson's due to its ability to cross the blood brain barrier and act on M1 receptors in the corpus striatum to prevent stimulation of GABnergic outflow."
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Benztropine
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Primary result of benztropine therapy in Parkinson's.
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Improves tremor and rigidity with little effect on bradykinesia.
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Contraindications with benztropine therapy.
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narrow-angle glaucoma
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An alternative to beta-adrenergic agonists in the treatment of COPD and asthma. Acts as a muscarinic receptor antagonist (M3) to bronchodilate.
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Ipratropium
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A muscarinic receptor (M3) antagonist that can be used to increase bladder sphincter tone and decrease GI motility in the treatment of urinary incontinence and duodenal ulcers.
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Propantheline
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"A muscarinic receptor (M1, M2, M3) antagonist that blocks the M3 receptor to increase bladder sphincter tone and decrease bladder spasm in the treatment of urinary incontinece."
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Oxybutynin
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"A drug that reversibly inihibits acetylcholinesterase that finds use in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, overcoming nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade post-surgically, and stimulating the GI tract and bladder in cases of postoperative intestinal and bladder atony."
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Neostigmine
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A drug that is similar to neostigmine but can cross the blood brain barrier where it finds use to treat atropine poisoning. Can also be used to produce miosis and stimulate outflow of aqueous humor in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Physostigmine
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