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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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M1 function
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activates the myenteric plexus which is under the longitudinal muscle system and facilitate peristalsis so increase absorption
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M2 receptors
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are expressed on SA and AV nodes and will reduce the spontaneous depolarization and can slow the heart rate
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M3 receptors
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on cilliary muscle and can open teh escape route for aqueous humor, also on detruser muscle and cause urination, stimulates secretion of GI tract and promoting sweat, tears, and saliva
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Toxicity of Carbachol
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excessive muscarinic activation
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Why use Carbachol
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topical miotic agent for ocular surgery and glaucoma
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Toxicity of Bethanocol
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bradycardia, bronchoconstriction
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Contraindications for Bethanocol
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asthma, peptic ulcer, bradycardia
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Toxicity of Pilocarpine
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excess muscarinic activation (slowed AV conduction) hypotension, excessive salivation, and bronchoconstriction
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indications of Pilocarpine
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sjogren's syndrome and narrow angle glaucoma
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Toxicity of Neostigmine
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muscarinic and nicotinic excess
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Contraindication of Neostigmine
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intestinal obstruction because increase activity of the gut so harmful if you stimulate peristalsis against an obstruction
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RX for Neostigminie
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myasthenia gravis, reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade ex:curare
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Toxicity of Edrophonium
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bradycardia, cardiac standstill
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Contraindications for Edrophonium
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instesinal blockade or urinary obstruction
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Rx for Edrophonium
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diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, differential diagnosis of too little or too much AchE inhibitor
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Toxicity of Physostigmine
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convulsions, respiratory and CV depression
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Contraindicaton
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asthma, CV disease, and intestinal obstructio
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Rx fro Physostigmine
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counteracts muscarinic antagonists
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Donepezil
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treatment for mild alzheimers disease
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Rx Echothiophate
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long term miosis in treatment of open angle glaucoma long half life about 1 week
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Toxicity of Atropine
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see atropine poisoning
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Rx for Atropine
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organophosphate poisoning, induction of mydriasis and cycloplegia, reverse GI hypermobility, reverse vagal bradychardia, pain and urgency for bladder infection
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Rx for Glycopyrrolate
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use dto protect against excessive muscarinic effects of cholinesterase inhibitors during reversal neuromuscular blockade, pre-operative antisalilogogue, can reverse muscarinic muscle relaxant
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Toxicity of Glycopyrrolate
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can cause heat stroke due to inability to sweat in heat
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Mechanism of action of Nicotine
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Activation of neuronal nicotinic receptors
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Why use Nicotine?
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Withdrawl symptoms of smoking cessation
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Mechanism of action of Succinyllcholine
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Depolarizing
block of muscle nicotinic receptors |
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Elimination of Succinyllcholine
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Butyrl
cholinesterase |
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Why use Succinyllcholine
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Neuromuscular block
for electroconvulsive shock therapy or emergency intubation |
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Half life of acetylcholine
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150msec
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Mechanism of Action of acetylcholine
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nicotinic and muscarinic receptor agonists
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Why use acetylcholine
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not used therapeutically
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Elimination of acetylcholine
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AchE
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Mechanism of action of methacholine
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muscarinic agonist
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Why use methacholine
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Used to diagnose asthma and to determine severity clinically
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Mechanism of action of carbachol
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muscarinic and nicotinic receptor agonist
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Why use carbachol
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Used as a miotic agent during ocular surgery and also to reduce the pressure after surgery
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Mechanism of action of Bethanechol
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Muscarinic agonist
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Why use bethanechol
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used to treat urinary retention and bladder atony
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Mechanism of action of Pilocarpine
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Muscarinic agonist
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Why use Pilocarpine
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Dry mouth from head
and neck radiation or Sjōgren’s syndrome, Narrow angle glaudoma |
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Half life of Pilocarpine
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about 1 hr
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Mechanism of action of Neostigmine
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AchE inhibitor
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Why use Neostigmine
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used in treatment of myastinia gravis and to reverse a nueromuscular block
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Mechanism of Edrophonium
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AchE inhibitor
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Half life of Edrophonium
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about 10 minutes
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Why use Edrophonium
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diagnose myasthenia gravis and to reverse a neuromuscular block
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Mechanism of action of Physostigmine
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reversible AchE inhibitor
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Why use Physostigmine
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Delirium from anticholinergic drugs or glaucoma
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Mechanism of action of Donezepil (Aricept)
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Reversible AchE inhibitor
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Why use Donezepil?
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Treatment of Alzheimers disease
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Mechanism of action of Pralidoxime (2 PAM)
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peripheral AchE reactivator
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Why use Pralidoxime (2PAM)
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respiratory muscle weakness in organophosphate poisoning
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Half life of Pralidoxime (2PAM)
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about 75 minutes
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Mechanism of action of Echothiophate
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Irreversible AchE inhibitor
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Half life of Echothiophate
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very long
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Why use Echothiophate?
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open angle glaucoma
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Mechanism of action of Atropine
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Muscarinic antagonist
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Why use Atropine
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Excessive secretions during surgery
to relieve the frequency and urgency associated with bladder infections |
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Mechanism of action of scopolamine
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Muscarinic antagonist
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Why use scopolamine
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treatment of motion sickness (transdermally) as well as to decrease saliva production during surgery
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Mechanism of action of Glycopyrrolate
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Muscarinic receptor antagonist
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Why use Glycopyrrolate
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Protects against
excessive muscarinic activation of gut during reversal of neruomuscular blockade |
