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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This agent has greater affinity for muscarinic receptors and used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
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* Bethanechol
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Only direct acting agent that is very lipid soluble and used in glaucoma
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Pilocarpine
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This agent used to treat dry mouth in Sjögren's syndrome
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Cevimeline
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Indirect-Acting ACh Agonist, alcohol, short DOA and used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
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Edrophonium
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Carbamate with intermediate action, used for+A1170 postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
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Neostigmine
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Treatment of atropine overdose and glaucoma (because lipid soluable). Enters the CNS rapidly and has a stimulant effect, which may lead to convulsions
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Physostigmine
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Treatment of myasthenia gravis
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Pyridostigmine
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Antiglaucoma organophosphate
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Echothiophate
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Associated with an increased incidence of cataracts in patients treated for glaucoma
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Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors
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Scabicide organophosphate
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Malathion
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Organophosphate anthelmintic agent with long DOA
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Metrifonate
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Toxicity of organophosphate:
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* DUMBELSS (diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, and sweating)
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The most frequent cause of acute deaths in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
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Respiratory failure
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The most toxic organophosphate
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Parathion
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Treatment of choice for organophosphate overdose
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Atropine
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This agent regenerates active cholinesterase and is a chemical antagonist used to treat organophosphate exposure
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Pralidoxime
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Prototypical drug is atropine
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Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists
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Treat manifestations of Parkinson's disease and EPS
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* Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl
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Treatment of motion sickness
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* Scopolamine, meclizine
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Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
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* Atropine, homatropine,C1208 tropicamide
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Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD
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* Ipratropium
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Reduce transient hyper GI motility
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Dicyclomine, methscopolamine
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Cystitis, postoperative bladder spasms, or incontinence
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Oxybutynin, dicyclomine
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Toxicity of anticholinergics
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block SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation
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Another pneumonic for anticholinergic toxicity
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"dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, blind as a bat"
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Atropine fever is the most dangerous effect and can be lethal in this population group
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Infants
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Contraindications to use of atropine
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Infants, closed angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy
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Limiting adverse effect of ganglion blockade that patients usually are unable to tolerate
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Severe hypertension
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Reversal of blockade by neuromuscular blockers
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Cholinesterase inhibitors
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Tubocurarine is the prototype, pancuronium, atracurium, vecuronium are newer short acting agent, produce competitive block at end plate nicotinic receptor, causing flaccid paralysis
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Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
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Only member of depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, causes fasciculation during induction and muscle pain after use; has short duration of action
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Succinylcholine
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Chemical antagonists that bind to the inhibitor of ACh Esterase and displace the enzyme (if aging has not occurred)
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Cholinesterase regenerators, pralidoxime
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Used to treat patients exposed to insecticides such as parathion
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Pralidoxime, atropine
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