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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Increased serum concentrations of which of the following is associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis?
a. cholesterol b. LDL c. VLDL d. HDL e. triglycerides (2004 quiz 12 q1) |
d. HDL
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Which of the following drugs would most likely cause an increase in triglyceride and VLDL levels when used as monotherapy in a patient with combined hyperlipidemia (increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels)?
a. atorvastatin b. ezetimibe c. cholestyramine d. gemfibrozil e. niacin (2004 quiz 12 q2) |
c. cholestyramine
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The major mechanism of action of gemfibrozil is:
a. increased excretion of bile acid salts b. increased lipid hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase c. inhibition of secretion of VLDL by the liver d. reduced uptake of dietary cholesterol e. increased expression of high-affinity LDL receptors (2004 quiz 12 q3) |
b. increased lipid hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase
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Statins primarily act by:
a. decreased lipid synthesis in adipose tissue b. decreased cholesterol synthesis in hepatic tissue c. decreased GI absorption of cholesterol d. decreased secretion of chylomicrons by the intestine e. enhanced synthesis of HDL in plasma (2004 quiz 12 q4) |
b. decreased cholesterol synthesis in hepatic tissue
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The following drug produces almost universal flushing when patients begin taking the drug:
a. atorvastatin b. ezetimibe c. cholestyramine d. gemfibrozil e. niacin (2004 quiz 12 q5) |
e. niacin
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A decrease in hepatic cholesterol levels results in:
a. an increased HMG-CoA reductase activity b. a decrease in hepatocyte LDL receptors c. an increased 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity d. all of the above e. none of the above (2005 quiz 13) |
a. an increased HMG-CoA reductase activity
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Administering the following compound with statins is not recommended:
a. aspirin b. ezetimibe c. cholestyramine d. gemfibrozil e. niacin (2005 quiz 13) |
d. gemfibrozil
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Cholestyramine acts by initially:
a. reducing uptake of dietary cholesterol b. increasing lipid hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase c. inhibiting secretion of VLDL by the liver d. decreasing reabsorption of bile acids e. increasing expression of high-affinity LDL receptors (2005 quiz 13) |
d. decreasing reabsorption of bile acids
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Decreased cholesterol synthesis in hepatic tissue is caused by:
a. anionic exchange resins b. ezetimibe (Zetia) c. statins d. niacin e. all of the above (2005 quiz 13) |
c. statins
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The following drug produces almost universal flushing when patients begin taking the drug:
a. extended-release niacin (Niaspan) b. immediate-release niacin (Niacor) c. long-acting niacin (Slo-niacin) d. gemfibrozil (Lopid) e. ezetimibe (Zetia) (2005 quiz 13) |
b. immediate-release niacin (Niacor)
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Cholesterol is primarily transported away from tissues to the liver by:
a. LDL b. VLDL c. chylomicrons d. HDL e. VLDL remnants (2005 quiz 13) |
d. HDL
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Erythromycin and ketoconazole can inhibit the metabolism of the following drug to produce a clinically significant drug interaction:
a. fluvastatin b. rosuvastatin c. pravastatin d. simvastatin e. all of the above (2005 quiz 13) |
d. simvastatin
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A combination product of EPA and DHA is called:
a. Baycol b. Zetia c. Zocor Heart Pro d. Vytorin e. Omacor (2005 quiz 13) |
e. Omacor
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A major concern when administering statins is:
a. renal toxicity b. hepatotoxicity c. rhabdomyolysis d. stomatitis e. influenza & opportunistic infections (2005 quiz 13) |
c. rhadbdomyolysis
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The best way to reach a healthy intake of omega-3 fatty acids is by:
a. eating more fatty red meat b. eating more raw fish c. eating more fatty fish d. ingesting large amounts of Vitamin E capsules e. eating more raw vegetables (2005 quiz 13) |
c. eating more fatty fish
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The following drug primarily decreases triglyceride levels while having little effect on cholesterol concentration:
a. niacin b. fenofibrate c. simvastatin d. cholestyramine e. ezetimibe (2004 exam 4) |
b. fenofibrate
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A significant number of patients exhibit the following side effect with statins:
a. headache b. rash c. myopathy d. nausea, vomiting and diarrhea e. constipation, bloating and flatulence (2004 exam 4) |
c. myopathy (DOUBLE-CHECK)
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Cholestyramine administration produces the following effect on the stated enzyme:
a. increases 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity b. decreases HMG CoA reductase activity c. decreases lipoprotein lipase activity d. all of the above e. none of the above; all of the enzymes are changed in the opposite direction of what is stated (2004 exam 4) |
a. increases 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity
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An inhibitor of the intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol is:
a. a bile acid sequestrant b. fish oil capsules c. niacin d. ezetimibe e. gemfibrozil (2004 exam 4) |
d. ezetimibe
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The following drug class inhibits both cholesterol and triglyceride concentration more than the other classes listed:
a. bile acid sequestrants b. fibric acid derivatives c. fish oils d. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors e. niacin (2004 exam 4) |
d. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
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Which of the following drugs requires metabolic conversion in the liver to the active compound, an approach designed to decrease GI upset?
a. niacin b. fenofibrate c. rosuvastatin d. cholestyramine e. ezetimibe (2004 exam 4) |
b. fenofibrate
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Ingestion of high concentrations of fish oils (omega-3 fatty acids) produces the following:
a. increased levels of PGI3 in comparison to PGI2 in platelets b. increased levels of the highly active TXA3 in comparison to the moderately active TXA2 c. an increase in the proaggregatory effect of eicosanoids d. a shift toward a higher level of platelet arachidonic acid compared to EPA e. all of the above (2004 exam 4) |
a. increased levels of PGI3 in comparison to PGI2 in platelets
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The most effective time to administer either simvastatin or lovastatin is:
a. at breakfast b. at lunch c. at dinner d. at bedtime e. anytime; it doesn't matter when the drugs are administered (2004 exam 4) |
d. at bedtime
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The following drug increases the fecal excretion of bile acids:
a. gemfibrozil b. niacin c. pravastatin d. ezetimibe e. cholestyramine (2004 exam 4) |
e. cholestyramine
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T/F: LCAT (lecithin: cholesterol acetyl transferase) facilitates 'resorption', which enables recycling of cholesterol when cholesterol concentrations are high in peripheral tissue; HDL is important for this.
(2003 exam 4) |
true
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T/F: the hereditary flaw in familial hypercholesterolemia states (i.e., types IIa/IIb) involves mutant LDL receptors.
(2003 exam 4) |
true
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Fill in the blanks with the following drugs/agents to create correct statements (each drug/agent may be used once, more than once, or not at all)
Drugs/agents: a. Niacin b. Omega-500 (fish oil extract; omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids) c. cholestyramine (Questran) d. atorvastatin (Lipitor) e. pravastatin (Pravachol) 1. ____ is the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor with and improved drug interaction profile. 2. ____ is the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor that produces the most potent and long-lasting lowering of serum LDL. 3. The cutaneous flush response that follows ____ is attributed to high serum PLD2; the flush is avoided if ASA is taken 1/2 hr prior to its dosing. 4. ____, when given along with lovastatin (Mevacor) creates a synergistic lowering of serum LDL. (2003 exam 4) |
1. Pravastatin is the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor with and improved drug interaction profile.
2. Atorvastatin is the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor that produces the most potent and long-lasting lowering of serum LDL. 3. The cutaneous flush response that follows Niacin is attributed to high serum PLD2; the flush is avoided if ASA is taken 1/2 hr prior to its dosing. 4. Cholestyramine, when given along with lovastatin (Mevacor) creates a synergistic lowering of serum LDL. |
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HMG CoA reductase inhibitors:
a. increase Creatine kinase activity (and increases Creatine) b. decreases aminotransferase activity c. can cause GI disturbances (e.g., nausea, cramping, etc) d. all of the above e. none of the above (2003 exam 4) |
d. all of the above
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Cholesterol:
a. is a constituent in all cells b. increases the rigidity of cell membranes c. is a precursor for cortisol d. a and b e. all of the above (2003 exam 4) |
e. all of the above
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The enzyme that converts cholesterol to bile acids is:
a. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha b. lipoprotein lipase c. 7-alpha-hydroxylase d. HMG-CoA reductase (2002 exam 4) |
c. 7-alpha-hydroxylase
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The B-100 lipoprotein marker:
a. is found on VLDL particles b. is found on LDL particles c. is found on IDL particles d. b and c are true but a is false e. a, b and c (2002 exam 4 q32) |
e. a, b and c
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