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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cubic Packing Equation |
N = V/d³
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Close Packing Equation
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N= V/d³ × 1.356 OR d= ³√ ( 1.356V/N)
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Percent Error |
% Error= (|measured-true|/true) ×100%
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Mega |
M (10⁶) |
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Kilo |
K (10³) |
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Deci |
d (10⁻¹) |
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Milli |
m (10⁻³) |
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Micro |
µ (10⁻⁶) |
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Nano |
n (10⁻⁹) |
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Volume= |
m ---- d |
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Mass= |
d×v |
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Density= |
m ----- v |
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Volume(block)= |
l×w×h
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Volume(cylinder)= |
πr²h |
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Volume(sphere)= |
4/3 πr³ |
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Crystalline Solid |
ordered |
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Amorphic Solid |
random |
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Pure Substance |
-1 component -composition doesn't change -element or compound |
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Element |
-can't separated into particles
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Compound |
-more than one kind of element/atom
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Mixture |
Variable→multiple components heterogenous & homogeneous |
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Homogeneous |
Uniform |
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Heterogeneous |
Non-Uniform |
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Intensive Properties |
-independent of the amount of material -gives idea about composition ex: melting pt, density
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Extensive Properties |
-dependent of the amount of material ex: mass, volume |
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Energy |
capacity to do work |
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Work |
force acting over a distance |
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Kinetic Energy |
Motion |
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Potential Energy |
Position or composition |
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Total Energy = |
Potential + Kinetic energy |
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Speed= |
m/s |
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Accuracy |
how close measurements are to "true value" |
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Precision |
how close measurements are to each other |
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Law of Definite Proportions |
all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements |
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Law of Multiple Proportions |
When two elements (A+B) form 2 different compounds the masses of A+B that combine are in a ratio of small whole numbers. |
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Dalton Atomic Theory |
-elements composed of small particles→atoms -all atoms of an element are identical -atoms are not charged by chemical reactions -Didn't theorize what atoms look like |
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Thomson's Cathode Ray Tube |
discovery of electrons |
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Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment |
Charge of electrons |
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Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment |
1) structure of atoms 2) discovery of protons
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Atomic Number |
Z= #protons |
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Mass number |
A= (#protons)+ (#neutrons) |
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Isotopes |
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons |
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Ion |
atom that is charged |
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Anions |
non-metals →each negative charge=1 added electron ending becomes: -ide |
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Cations |
metals →each positive charge=1 less electron ending: stays same |
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Metalloids |
properties of metals & nonmetals -used as semiconductors |
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Alkali Metals |
1A soft, reactive form +1 ions |
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Alkali Earth Metals |
2A harder, reactive form +2 ions |
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Noble Gases |
Gases at room temp unreactive |
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Halogens
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7A (next to noble gases)
all 3 states diatomic (always come in pairs) very reactive form -1 ions |
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Covalent Bond |
atoms share electrons bond between non-metals
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Ionic Bond |
atoms transfer electrons →metal(cation) + nonmetal (anion) |
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Chemical Formula |
which atoms what proportions |
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Molecular Formula |
actual number & type of atoms in molecule |
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Empirical Formula |
relative number of atoms |
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Natural Abundance
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a percent of element that is particular isotope
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atom of a specific isotope
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nuclide
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symbols
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Chadwick Discovered... |
-neutrons in nucleus are NOT charged
-neutrons have similar mass to protons |
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Diatomic Elements (list elements) |
H₂ N₂ F₂ O₂ I₂ Cl₂ Br₂ (Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer) |
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Polyatomic Elements (list 3) |
P₄ S₈ Se₈ |
