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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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According to the Atomic Theory, what does the Law of Constant Composition state?
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Compounds always have the same relative number and kinds of atoms.
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According to the Atomic Theory, what does the Law of Conservation of Matter state?
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Atoms can't be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
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According to John Dalton's atomic theory, elements are composed of very small particles called ______.
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Atoms
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According to John Dalton's atomic theory, all atoms of the same element are A. Identical or B. Different?
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A. Identical
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According to John Dalton's atomic theory, all atoms of one element _______ be changed into atoms of different elements
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Can't
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According to John Dalton's atomic theory, ___________________ are formed when atoms combine.
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compounds
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Dalton's atomic theory defined the relationship between _____________and ____________.
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elements and atoms
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Dalton's Atomic Theory helped to identify the relative weights of ultimate particles, which is also known as?
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Atomic Weight
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Who discovered the cathode ray?
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JJ Thompson
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What is a cathode ray?
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A stream of electrons
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Who calculated the change and mass of an electron with his oil drop experiment?
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Robert Millikan
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Who is given credit for the discover of radioactivity?
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Henri Becquerd, Marie and Pierre Curie
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Who created the plumb pudding model? (not very accurate)
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JJ Thompson
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Ernest Rutherfords alpha particle scattering experiment proved the existence of a ______________
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Dense nucleus
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What did James Chaadwick discover?
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The neutron
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Which subatomic particle has a charge of +1.602x10^-19 C and a mass of 1.0073 amu?
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Proton
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Which subatomic particle has a charge of 0 and a mass of 1.0087 amu?
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neutron
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Which subatomic particle has a charge of -1.602x10^-19 C and a mass of 5.486x10^-4 amu?
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electrons
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The structure of the atom includes mostly ______space
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empty
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The dense nucleus is surrounded by ________.
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Electrons
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What subatomic particles are contained in the nucleus?
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protons and neutrons
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What are isotopes?
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different versions of the same element that have different masses due to different numbers of neutrons
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Isotopes can be stable, radioactive, occur naturally, and be __________
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anthropogenic (man-made).
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The atomic mass as listed on the periodic table is the mass of each natural occurring isotope multiplied by what?
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its percent of natural occurrence.
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How many known elements are on the periodic table?
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117
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Out of all the elements on the periodic table, how many occur naturally on earth?
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94
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How many of the elements on the periodic table have been detected in the universe?
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95
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Elements above number 94 on the periodic table are both man-made and _________.
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radioactive
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Who determined that elements properties occur in cycles when arranged by increasing atomic mass?
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Mendeleev
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The columns of the periodic table are also known as ____________.
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groups (labeled by numbers)
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The rows on the periodic table are also called ______________.
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periods
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What are the three main categories of elements on the periodic table?
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1. Representative Elements (main group, groups 1A, 2A, 3A-8A) 2. Transition metals (3B-8B) 3. Lanthanides adn Actinodes (Inner Transition metals)
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What are Group 1 elements classified as?
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Alkali Metals
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What are Group 2 elements classified as?
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Alkaline Earth Metals
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What are Group 8 elements classified as?
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Noble gases
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What is another name for the stair step region on the periodic table?
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Metalloids
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Metals are on the left or right of the Metalloids?
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left
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Nonmetals are on the right or left of the Metalloids?
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right
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What are the group 6 elements known as?
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Chalcogens
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What is another name for the group 7 elements known as?
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Halogens
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What are some typical properties of METALS?
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High luster, ductile, malleable, good conductors, high density and high melting points, all solids at room temp (except Hg)
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What are some typical properties of NON-METALS?
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No luster, insulators, brittle, low densities and low melting points
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What are some typical properties of Metalloids?
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Solid at room temperature, ductiel, malleable or hard and brittle, shiny or dull, conductivity between metals and nonmetals, unique properties (used in computer chips, etc.)
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What are some typical properties of Noble Gases?
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Very non-reactive
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Name the 7 diatomic molecules
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N, O, H, F, Cl, Br, I
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What are valence electrons?
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Electrons farthest away from the center of an atom
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What is an oxidation number?
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Number that indicates the change in the number of valence electrons between an element by itself and when its bonded in a compound.
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REVIEW STEPS FOR ASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBERS!!!!
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1-6
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What is an ionic bond?
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A bond between oppositely charged ions that occurs between two elements far apart on the periodic table (metals and nonmetals)
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What is a molecular formula?
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The numeric subscript indicates the actual composition of one molecule.
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What is an empirical formula?
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Also know as the simplest formula, the numeric subscript indicates ration of elements expressed in the smallest whole numbers.
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What are covalent bonds?
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The sharing of valence electrons between atoms that occurs between two close (or same) nonmetals on periodic table.
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What are the two types of covalent bonds?
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Pure and Polar covalent bonds
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What are Pure covalent bonds?
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Equal or almost equal sharing of valence electrons (two same or very close elements on periodic table).
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What are Polar Covalent bonds?
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Unequal sharing of valence electrons (two nonmetals that are somewhat close on the periodic table).
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