Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
define the 2 types of observations
|
Qualitative: descriptions of what you OBSERVE (substance is a gray solid)
Quantitative: MEASUREMENTS that include both a # and a unit. (the mass of the substance is 3.42g) |
|
|
Scientific Notation
|
Writing a number as the product of a number between 1 and 10 raised to some power. Used to express very large # or very small #s as powers of 10
|
|
|
The Exponent in Scientific Notation
|
Is equal to the # of places the decimal point is moved. Moved to the R= negative exponent; Moved L=positive exponent.
|
|
|
Measurement and Uncertainty
|
The last digit in any measurement is an estimate.
-report 1 step farther beyond what you know - even obvious measurements include the .0---- you are estimating an exact # |
|
|
Significant Figures. What are the rules (besides the rules for 0s)
|
Include both the certain part of the measurement as well as the estimate.
1. All nonzero digits are significant figures. 2. An exact # has an infinite # of significant figures. (counted #-35 pennies; Defined numbers-12in per ft) |
|
|
When are zeros considered significant figures?
|
A zero is significant when it is:
1. between nonzero digits (403=3 sigfigs) 2. At the end of a # that includes a decimal point: (0.050 has 2 significant figures; 22.0 has 3 sigfigs 20. has 2 sigfigs |
|
|
When are zeros NOT considered significant figures?
|
1. When it is before the first nonzero digits (0.0043 has 2 sigfigs)
2. A trailing zero w/o a decimal point (24000 has 2 sigfigs; 9010 has 3 sigfigs) |
|
|
Why does 0.056 have only 2 significant figures?
|
Leading zeros are not significant.
|
|
|
T or F the result of the calculation cannot be more precise than the least precise measurement.
|
T
|
|
|
Rules for Significant figures in Calculations involving multiplicaion or division
|
The result has as many sigfigs as the measurements with the fewest sigfigs.
|
|
|
Significant figures in calculations involving addition and subtraction
|
The result has the same precision (same # of decimal place) as the least precise measurement (the # w/ the fewest decimal places)
|
|
|
1in= how many cm
|
2.54
|
|
|
1in= how many mm
|
25.4
|
|
|
1km=how many m
|
1000
|
|
|
Mass
|
amount of matter in the object. Measured using a balance. Independent of location of the object-weighs the same in space!
|
|
|
Weight
|
A measure of the effect of gravity on the object. Measure using a scale which measures force against a spring. Depends on the location of the object
|
|
|
Thermal Energy
|
(heat) form of energy associated w/ the motion of small particles of matter
|
|
|
Temperature
|
Measure of the intensity of the the thermal energy (or how hot a system is)
|
|
|
Density=
|
M/V
Used for solids and liquids: g/cm^3 & g/mL Used for gases= g/L |
|
|
Heat
|
The flow of energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
|
|
|
Specific Gravity (sp gr)
|
The sp gr of a substance is the ratio of the density of that substance to the density of a reference substance (usually water)
Density of a liquid or solid sp gr= --------------------------------- Density of water (1.00 g/mL) |
|
|
What does a high density tell us about the relationship between the M and V?
|
large mass, small volume
|
|
|
What does a low density tell us about the relationship between M and V?
|
small mass, large volume
|
|
|
Volume of a cylinder=
|
πr^2L
|
|
|
∆T=
|
Change in temperature
|
