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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Origin of chloramphenicols |
Streptomyces venezuela |
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Properties of cholramphenicols |
Lipid soluble Neutral |
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Mechanism |
Peptidyl transferase blocker Bacteriostatic Penetrates cell wall by facilitated diffusion |
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Spectrum |
Broad G+ G- Rickettsia Chlamydophila Pseudomonas |
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What G- is chloramphenicol active against |
Pasteurella Haemophilus Salmonells |
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Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicols |
Orally administered, well absorbed in monogastrics not ruminants Large Vd - 30-45% ppb Good penetration into the tissues and bodily fluids |
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How are chloramphenicols metabolised |
Glucauronidated in the liver Cats reduce to amines |
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How are chloramphenicols excreted |
Excreted in bile and enterophepatic recirculation 10-20% glomerular filtered |
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Toxicity of chloramphenicols |
MFO inhibitor May potentiate the effects of other drugs Depression of bone marrow Precipitate phenytoin toxicity |
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Resistance |
Plasmid mediated Acetylation by intracellular enzymes |
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Derivatives improvements |
Do not induce reversible BM aplasia in people but do casue reversible haematopoetic depression in animals |
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Thiamphenicol pharmacokinetics |
Rapid IM administration Good systemic availability Low PPB and high VD concentrates in csf/aqueous/bronchial secretions Persistant in secretions for 48h |
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Florfenicol use |
Broad spectrum Given IM every 48 Decreases mortality in calf pneumonias |
