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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Top ingredients for death
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1. Tobacco
2. Diet/inactivity 3. Alcohol 4. Infections |
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Unique features of public health
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- Basis in social justice philosophy
- political - dynamic agenda - link with government - grounding in the sciences - use of prevention as a strategy - uncommon culture and bond |
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community vs. public health
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community includes private sector
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Major diseases
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Cholera 1830-1880
Leprosy Plague (Black Death) |
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1900 vs. 2000 health
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- vaccination
- car safety - safe workplace - control infectious disease - decline in deaths from heart attack/stroke - safer/healthier food - healthier moms/babies - family planning - fluoride - anti-tobacco |
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Future health concerns
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depression
alcoholism bioterrorism antibiotic resistance |
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Healthy People 2010
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Goals of the Nation
- Increase quality/years of healthy life - Eliminate health disparities |
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3 functions of public health
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Assessment (identifying needs)
Policy Development (establishing priorities) Assurance (providing services) |
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Epidemiology
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The distribution and determinants of diseases and injuries in human populations
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Birth rate
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Live Births/Total Population *1000
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Morbidity Rate
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The rate of illness or injury in a population
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Mortality Rate
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Deaths/Population
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Prevalence rate
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All cases/Population
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Attack rate
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An incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease and expressed as a %
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National Health Interview Survey
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Describe health status (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor)
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Vital stats
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Births, deaths, marriages, divorces, infant deaths
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IPLAN Data System
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Illinois-specific health data
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Years of potential life lost
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Numbers of years lost when death occurs before 65 or 75
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Descriptive Study
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Epidemiological study, describes person, place, time
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Retrospective study
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Those with disease vs. those that don’t for a prior expected risk factor
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Cohort
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A group of people that share a demographic stat
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Prospective study
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Cohort is classified by exposure to one or more specific risk factors and observed into the future
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4 classifications of diseases
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Organ/system, causative agent, communicable/non, acute/chronic
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3 Causative agents
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Biological agent, Chemical agent, Physical agent
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3 types of transmission
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Airborne
Vehicleborne Vectorborne (bugs) |
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Triangle model of communicable disease
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Agent
Host Environment |
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Coalition
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An organization of individuals representing diverse organizations, factions, or constituents who agree to work together in order to achieve a common goal
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Steps in health program planning
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Assessing needs
Setting goals Developing intervention Implementation Evaluation |
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Three types of health education
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Direct
Correlated (separate unit) Integrated |
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Three types of health schools
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Basic
Expanded – has healthcare provider in school Comprehensive – also has school-based clinic |
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Event leading to the Pure Food and Drug Act
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Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
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Superfund legislation
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Dealt with the cleanup of hazardous substances in the environment, created ATSDR
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Assurance
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Evaluate
Assure competent workforce Link to care Enforce Laws |
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Assessment
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Monitor health
Diagnose and investigate |
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Policy development
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Inform and educate
Mobilize community partnerships Develop policies |
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Specific death rates
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(category)/(population or births) *100,000
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Crude vs. adjusted rates
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Crude *1000, Adjusted *100,000
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Point-source epidemic curve
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Cases vs. time of day all traced to one source
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Epidemic curve
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Number of cases vs. time
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Incubation period
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Time between exposure and symptoms
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Propagated epidemic curve
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Multiple source epidemic curve
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Epidemic study steps
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1. prepare
2. establish existence 3. diagnose 4. define cases 5. describe data 6. hypothesis 7. evaluate hypothesis 8. refine hypothesis 9. implement control measures 10. communicate findings |
