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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does spinothalamics carry
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pain
temp crude touch |
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what does dorsal columns carry
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proprioception
vibration 2 pt touch sensation/light touch |
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what are the frontal release signs
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grasp reflex
snout reflex suckling reflex |
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what is dysdiadochokinesis
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inability to perform rapid alternating movements
crebellar lesion |
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what is dysmetria
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inability to perform point to point testing
cerebellar lesion loss of motor strength loss of proprioception |
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what is romberg test
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achieve balance when standing with heels together an deyes closed
seen in 3 syphillis problem c dorsal columns |
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walking on toes tests what nerve root
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S1
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walking on heels tests what nerve root
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L4/5
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what is Brudzinkski's sign
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flex chin to chest
involuntary hip flexion meningeal irritation |
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what is kernig's sign
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flex both hip and knee to 90
hold hip immobile and extend hip meningeal irritation |
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what is nuchal rigidity
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involuntary m spasm limits supine movement
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tophi of the external ear suggest what
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gout
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how do you dx otitis externa
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pull gently on the auricle
painful with pulling pressing on the tragus painful with pressing |
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what are the symptoms of otitis externa
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itching
intense pain c pinna movement watery then purulent may have conductuve loss if swelling |
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what is cerumen
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waxy substance secreted by the glands lining the external canal
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where is the pars flaccida locatated
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superior portion of the tympanum
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where is the pars tensa located
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inferior portion of the tympanum
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does the pars flaccda/pars tensa bulge first
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pars flaccida
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what are the symptoms and physical findings in otitis media serous (viral)
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sticking, crackling
no pain retracted membrane (in) air fluid level or bubbles change in light reflex ossicles more pronounced |
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what are the symptoms and physical findings in otitis media suppurative (bacterial)
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sensation of blockage
deep internal aching fever, nausea tympanum red bulging tympanum change in cone of light possible conductive loss |
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how does the tympanum perforate
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usually trauma
ear tubes infection |
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what is a cholesteatoma
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epithelial cyst
grows slowly (may erode and destroy bone) may look like an onion peel of white skin formed into a ball |
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what is tympanosclerosis
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calcium deposits result on the drum secondary to repeated infxs.
membrane thickening produced by hyalinization (scarring |
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what is otosclerosis
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degeneration of ossicles
change from mineralized to spongy bone M/C CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS gradual slow hearing loss |
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what is Meniere's Dz
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endolymphatic hydrops
sensorineural vertigo (nausea, vomitting) fullness in ear |
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what type of loss do you get with sensorineural loss
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loss of high frequency
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what type of loss do you get with conduction loss
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loss of low frequency
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what is a geographic tongue
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benign migratory glossitis
multiple sensitive irregularly shaped erythematous patches atrophy of filiform papillae |
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what is black hairy tongue
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papilla fail to fall off
cause - Ab |
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what is leukoplakia
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thickened white patches
painfree result of chronic inflammation premalignant |
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what is lichen planus
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inflammation of skin, mucous membranes
painless white lace like pattern benign |
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what is oral thrush
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candidiasis
creamy white lesions (cottage cheese appearance) may be painful cause - medications |
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what is another name for peritonsillar abscess
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quinsy
retropharyngeal abscess |
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what is a peritonsillar abscess
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sequelae of acute tonsilitis
collection of infected material around tonsils |
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what does bacterial acute tonsillitis look like
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enlarged white pockets
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what does viral acute tonsillitis look like
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redness with drainage
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what is a torus palatinus
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benign tumor
outgrowths on upper palate |
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the parotid gland contains what duct and where is it located
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stensen's duct
opens adjacent to 2nd molar |
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the submandibular gland contains what duct and where is it located
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wharton's duct
opening adjacent to frenulum |
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is an indirect hernia superior/inferior to scrotum
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superior
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is a direct hernia superior/inferior to scrotum
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inferior
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what is phimosis
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unable to retract foreskin
prevents retraction over glans |
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what is paraphymosis
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foreskin trapped behind glands
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what is hypospadias
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urinary meatus opening on the ventral surface
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what is epispadias
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urinary meatus opening on the dorsal surface
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what is priapism
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sustained painful erection
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if firm nodules are found on the testicular exam what should you be worried about
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consider malignancy
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what is cryptorchism
what are the complications |
undescended testes
infertility cancer |
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what is orchitis
what is it a complication of |
inflammation of testes
mumps |
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will orchitis transilluminate
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no
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what is a varicocele
where does it occur what are the s/s |
varicosities in pampiniform plexus
usually left sided dull, ache, heavy sensation bag of worms |
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what is testicular torsion
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spermatic cord twists
needs to be corrected within 6 hrs |
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what is a hydrocele
will it transilluminate |
collection of serous fluid from defect/irritation of tunica vaginalis
will transilluminate |
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what are the two types of hydroceles
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non-communicating
peritoneal fluid between visceral and parietal layers communicating |
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what is a spermatocele
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benign cystic accumulation of sperm found in head of epididymitis
asymptomatic |
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what is a hematocele
how does it occur |
blood surrounding the teste
direct trauma |
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what is epididymitis
how does it occur |
M/C CAUSE OF PAINFUL SWELLING IN POSTPUBERTAL MALES
ascending infection (reflux from bladder into cord) use Ab for infection |
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what are the characteristics for testicular CA
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irregular
painless hard does not transilluminate age 15-34 |
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where does the direct hernia occur
where does it push on your finger |
inferior to scrotum
thru hesselbach triangle pushes on side of finger (pad) |
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where does the indirect hernia occur
where does it push on your finger |
superior to scrotum
intestines thru canal can torsion the testes pushes on tip of finger |
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what are the characteristics of an inguinal hernia
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least common hernia
more common in females thru femoral triangle |
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what are anal fissures
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lacerations in epithelium
tear in lining of anus painful on BM chronic (proximal end with granulation tissue appearing as polyp) |
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what are anal fistulas
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chronic granulomatous tract from anorectal canal thru skin to anus
inflammation/infection of glands that burrows into skin |
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what does the dentate line separate
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divids squamous/columnar
below line is extremely pain sensitive |
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what is a thrombosed hemorrhoid
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vein inside the external hemorrhoid breaks
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what is a prolapsed internal hemorrhoid
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protrude outside the anus
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describe the characteristics of BPH
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painless
enlargement non nodules median sulcus may disappear |
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what are the s/s with acute prostatitis
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LBP
boggy/painful bladder reflux |
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what are characteristics of prostate CA
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hard nodules
painless enlargement |
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what is myopia
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nearsighted
eye elongates |
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what is hyperopia
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farsighted
eye shortens |
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what is presbyopia
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ciliar m weakness
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what does pinhole testing rule in or out
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when pinhole testing is performed, if the deficit corrects with pinhole
= refractive problem |
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what is PERLA
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pupils equal, reactive to ligh and accomodation
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describe Argyll Robertson pupil and what it is associated with
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pupils accomodate
not responsive to light tertiary syphillis |
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describe Adie's pupil and who gets it more
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pupil fixed and dilated
poor response to light and accomodation females more common idiopathic asymptomatic |
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what is strabismus
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tropia
deviation not corrected by fusion paralytic or mechanical |
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what is phoria
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deviation corrected by fusion
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what is amblyopia
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visual impairment in an otherwise normal eye
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what type of impairment will not change with covering/uncovering
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exotropia
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what type of impairment will change with covering/uncovering
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phoria
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what are the two types of strabismus
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paralytic
nonparalytic |
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describe marcus gunn pupil and what does it suggest
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intact consensual light response
paradoxical pupil dilation to direct light suggests optic n lesion extensive retinal disorder |
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what nerves are affected with ptosis
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CN 3
CN 7 |
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describe Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
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eye pain
steamy cornea red intraocular pressure increased |
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what is a stye (external hordeolum)
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infection of the glands of zeiss and moll
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what is a chalazion
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internal hordeolum
infection of deep meibomian glands |
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what is xanthelasma
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yellowish plaque beneath skin
lipid laden macrophages |
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what is ectropion
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eversion of lid
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what is entropion
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inversion of lid
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describe Horner's syndrome
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miosis
ptosis anhydrosis |
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what is dacryocystitis
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excessive tearing
tenderness swelling redness red, inflamed bump on inner corner of of lower lid |
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what is subconjuctival hemorrhage
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red bloody patch on white of eye
painless |
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what is corneal arcus
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discoloration around limbus
half the pts have high chol hyperlipidemia |
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describe wilson's disease
what do you see |
copper deposits
autosomal recessive trait kayser-fleisher rings |
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what is a pterygium
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slow growing raised lesion on the cornea
ct and vascular tissue growing on sclera |
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describe allergic conjunctivits
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itching
mucoid discharge always bilateral |
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describe viral conjunctivitis
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M/C CAUSE OF ACUTE RED EYE
ocular discomfort watery discharge |
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describe bacterial conjunctivitis
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diffuse conjunctival injection
PURULENT discharge |
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what are cataracts
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denaturation of the lens proteins
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what is a hyphema
what are the s/s what is a complication |
blood in the anterior chamber
decreased vision complication is glaucoma |
