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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chinese arki |
CHINESE ARCHITECTURE Palaces and Temples are the chief building type. Diverse architecture caused by differences in geographic and climatic conditions. System of wood frame construction. Heavily influenced by conservative philosophies. Styles of Chinese ancient architecture greatly reflects Chinese ancient thought- the harmonious unity of human beings with nature. |
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temple of heaven |
TEMPLE OF HEAVEN HALL OF PRAYER FOR GOOD HARVESTS, Largest building in the Temple of Heaven Circular wooden prayer hall: Heaven Rectangular Courtyards: Earth Circular Mound Altar, Ritual Platform Imperial Vault of Heaven Hall of Prayer for good harvests Abstinence Palace |
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character |
1. Bilateral Symmetry 2. Use of enclosed open spaces 3. Incorporation of Feng Shui (directional hierarchies) 4. Horizontal Emphasis 5. An allusion to various cosmological, mythological or in general symbolic elements 6. Preference for Lumber Construction 7. Heavy Overhanging Roofs 8. Rammed Earth Buildings |
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yang shao |
Yang-Shao Jiangzhai, a Yangshao Village 5000 BCE to 3000 BCE Neolithic culture in India centered around the Yellow River Characterized by pit dwellings and fine pottery painted in geometric designs. Discovered by Sweedish Geologist, Johan Gunnar Anderson, 1921 |
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shang dynasty |
SHANG DYNASTY Also, Yin Dynasty (1600-1030BC) Introduction of writing, development of an urban civilization, and a mastery of bronze casting. Battle of Mingtiao- fought during a thunderstorm. It was said that it began when a tribal chief named Tang defeated the Xia Dynasty headed by Jie. |
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ancient chinese walled town |
PANLONGCHENG, Ancient Chinese walled town |
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shang palacae, panlongcheng |
Ancient walled town of Hangtu Construction covering an area of 260 x 290 meters. |
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qin dynasty |
221-206 BC Emergence of a centralized government First Imperial Dynasty The Construction of the Great Wall of China |
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Design Principles based on the principles of energy, simplicity, and nature. |
The interaction of two opposing and complementary principles Widely used in Taoism Architecture YIN: Feminine, dark, and negative YANG: Masculine, bright, and positive |
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feng shui |
“Wind water” Arranging architectural elements so that they are in harmony with nature. Goal: to promote the optimal flow of positive energy (chi’i) within the building. Most buildings face south or southeast to take advantage of prevailing winds and sunshine. |
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dougong |
“Cap and Block” Interlocking bracket system used in traditional Chinese Construction to support roof beams. A system of wooden brackets that can support the overhanging roofs commonly found in Chinese Architecture. Has both structural and decorative purpose. |
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RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES |
yuantong temple, taoism |
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connotations of colors |
Green: Wood Blue and Black: Water Red: Fire, Hope, Satisfaction White and Gray: Metal Yellow: Earth; Spaces reserved for emperors |
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jian |
Basic measure in construction. A spatial unit to describe the spatial dimensions of large architectural complexes for various purposes. Standard unit of space marked by adjacent frame supports. |
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towers and gateways |
PAILOU - Monumental gateway to a palace, tomb or sacred place ZHONGLOU - Bell tower or pavilion at the right side of a city gate, palace entrance or forecourt of a temple GULOU - Left side counterpart of a zhonglou |
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siheyuan and mingtang |
Together embody the rules which span and continuum from the simplest secular dwelling to the grandest sacred temple. SIYEHUAN - Courtyard Compounds MINGTANG - “Bright Hall” A ritual structure that serves as the symbolic center of imperial power. Designated as the intersection of heaven (circle) and earth (square), oriented around the four cardinal directions. Biyong, jade ring moat Lingtai, spirit altar, raised astronomical observatory; usually the central, circular upper storey of the mingtang. |
