China, Japan, & The Us

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Yu the Great (the Great Yu)

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Mythical founder of China. He is believed to be the first ruler of the Chinese dynasty. Yu the Great was revered because he was able to control the flooding in China.

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Dharamsala

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Dalai Lama's government in Tibet that is in exile and its refugees

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Minamata

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In Japan, the Chisso chemical company dumped mercury into the water which poisoned the fish which poisoned the people because they were a fishing society. The entire village was sick and it took 30 years until the company finally took the blame. The case is sometimes called the beginning of democracy because after people finally started to question the government.

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Mandate of Heaven

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Political theory of ancient China, referring to divine source for political legitimacy of rulers. Heaven only gave the mandate, or the right to rule, to virtuous rulers. First advocated by the Zhou rulers to justify their overthrow of the Shang. Natural disasters such as earthquakes and especially flooding were signs that the ruler was not doing a good job and had lost the mandate of heaven, or the legitimacy to rule.

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Hainan Island

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Hainan is also known as the largest Special Economic Zone laid out by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in the late 1980s. Also, the site where in April of 2001, a US spy plane had to have an emergency landing and then was detained.

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Diaoyutai or Senkaku Islands

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The Senkaku Islands are a group of disputed, uninhabited islands currently administered by Japan, but also claimed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC/Taiwan). In Chinese, the islands are known as the Diaoyutai Islands. China claims that the islands were within the Ming Dynasty's sea-deafense area and are a part of Taiwan. Japan claims that after the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government conducted surveys of the islands beginning in 1885 confirming no evidence that the uninhabited islands had been under Chinese control, though this conflicts with the earlier Chinese claim of the islands during the Qing Dynasty. Japan put a lighthouse up.

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Commodore Perry's landing in Japan

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Commodore Perry demanded trade and wanted Japan to open up its ports to the west. To get them to do this he showed off the western military technology. The result from his visit was the Meiji Restoration and the restoration of the Imperial power.

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Meiji Restoration

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Rebellion started in 1866 by a group of Samurai from Satsuma and Choshu, which took place at the end of the Tokugawa era, and which resulted in the restoration of the Imperial power. The rebellion resulted from commodore Perry and his black ships forcing the Tokugawa Shogunate to open its ports to trade, thus demonstrating the immense superiority of the Western military power over Japan at the time. The aim of the rebellious samurai was consequently to restore the pride and power of Japan, by modernizing the country at all cost. The shogun abdicated in favor the 15 year-old Mutsuhito emperor and resulted in fast modernization of Japan.

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Opium war

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(1839-1842)
China decided that she didn't want to trade anymore, but Britain wanted to continue trading so started trading opium for tea. China ruled in 1838 that anyone dealing in opium would be put to death. The Chinese Emperor (dao guang) had banned opium in China due to its harmful effects on Chinese citizens and its negative impact on the Chinese culture; they didn't want Western influence or dependency on west. The British, however, saw opium as a profitable good for commercial trade, as its import would help balance Britain's huge trade deficit with China. China and Britain went to war against each other two times, France helped Britain the second time, and China was horribly defeated. The End result was that china had to sign a treaty that allowed the British to use 5 ports instead of one, china lost Hong Kong, and China was forced to legalize opium.

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Pu Yi, the last emperor

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Pu Yi was the last emperor of the Chinese Imperial System and he abdicated on Feb. 12th 1912. The Republic of China was started after his abdication. In 1934, he became the emperor of the Japanese puppet state of MAnchukuo, or Manchuria

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Marco Polo bridge incident of 1937

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Conflict in 1937 between Chinese and Japanese troops near the Marco Polo Bridge at Lugouqiao, outside Beijing. The incident was a culmination of the growing tensions between the two sides-increasing Japanese aggression and Chinese reaction against it-after Japan had occupied northeastern China and established its puppet state of Manchukuo in 1932. The skirmish expanded into a general war between Japan and China; the beginning of the Sino-Japanese war

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Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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During World War II, the cities of Hiroshima and NAgasaki, Japan, were destroyed by atomic bombs dropped by the US military on Aug. 6 and Aug. 9, 1945, respectively killing at least 100,000 civilians outright and many more over time. One of the primary reasons given for the use of the bomb was that it would force Japan to surrender unconditionally

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PRC vs. ROC

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Taiwan-Republic of China (ROC) is Asia's first constitutional republic, founded in 1912. When the Chinese Communist Party established the Peopl's Republic of China (PRC) on the Chinese mainland in 1949, the ROC government, led by the Kuomintang (KMT), relocated to Taiwan, where it maintained jurisdiction over Taiwan. Taiwan is a democracy. In 1996 Taiwan had their first presidential election. However, advancement of democracy in China is inactive and the PRC is a one party Communist rule. Taiwan is a global economic power house. Taiwan wants to find peaceful resolution to the differences in China but China hasn't responded.

Front 14

Cat-dancing disease

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cats were the first to get mercury poisoning and they had a lot of seizures aka "dancing". Because the first signs of the Minamata disease were found in cats, which looked like they were dancing from the seizures, the disease was commonly known as the cat-dancing disease.

Front 15

Pearl HArbor

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On Dec. 7th 1942 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and destroyed the US' Navy battleship force. This action was a suprise against the US and brought them into WWII

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Korean War

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(1950-1953)
The Korean War began when the North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. The UN, primarily the US, supported South Korea because they did not want to be "soft on communism". China, with some help from the Soviet Union supported North Korea. The treaty signed at the end of the war returned Korea to almost its original division. PUt US at odds with China. First real use of containment.

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Douglas MacArthur

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He was a general and commander of the Allied forces in the Southwest Pacific Area. He was responsible for some of the greatest democratic reforms in Japan. He helped to rebuild Japan and its economy and helped the Japanese draft their constitution; no standing army. The new constitution denied Japan the right to go to war and reduced the emperor to only a figurehead of leadership. He promoted universal suffrage, civil liberties, trade unions, democratic reforms and attempted to break up monopolies

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Akihito

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Akihito (december 23, 1933) is the current Emperor of Japan, the 125th person to hold that title, according to the traditional order of succession.

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Koizumi

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the former Prime Minister of Japan

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Abe

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current Prime Minister of Japan

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Qing (ching) dynasty

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It was the last dynasty before the Republic of China. During the Qing Dynasty the emperor realized that China needed better economics to strengthen the country, technology, military.

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Sun Yat-sen

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He is seen as the father of the Republic of China and was the first president of the Republic of China. He had liberal ideas and tried to create a democratic system with land reforms. He united the Nationalist Party and was their leader. He contributed three principals for governing: People's livelihood, rights of the people, nationalism/self-determination. He also organized the writing of the first constitution.

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Long March

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(1934-1936)
The Long March started in 1934 in Jiangxi province and lasted until 1936 when it reached its destination of the Yan'an. It was a massive military retreat undertaken by the armies of the Communist Party of china (CCP), the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. The Long March gave the Communist Party of China (CCP) the isolation it needed, allowing its army to recuperate and rebuild in the north of China. It also was vital in helping the CCP to gain a positive reputation among the peasants due to the determination and dedication of the surviving participants of the Long March. Mao established his leadership within the party, as well.

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Yan'an

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(1953-47)
Yan'an was the destination of the Long March and the center of Chinese communist revolution. During the Yan'an era the CCP increased substantially, expanded its base, enhanced prestige and developed governing techniques. The "Yan'an Complex" was also developed which outlined the practices/principles of the CCP that differed fromthe USSR.

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Six-Party talks

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The Six-Party talks are a series of meetings with six participating states - the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Korea (South Korea), the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea), the United States of America, the Russian Federation and Japan. These talks were a result of North Korea withdrawing from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 2003. The aim of these talks is to find a peaceful resolution to the security concerns raised by the North Korean nuclear weapons program. After five rounds of talks, little progress has been made.

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Falungong

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It is a spiritual movement that began in China in the latter half of the 20th century and is based on Buddhist and Taoist teachings and practices. The People's Republic of China began a suppression of the movement nationwide on July 20th, 1999. The PRC government claims to have banned the group for what it considers to be illegal activities

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Shanghai Communique

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1972-The US says that there is only one China. The dispute between Taiwan and China is internal only and they should resolve it themselves. It also promoted the path to normalizing relations between China and the US.

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Taiwan Relations Act

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Happened in 1979. It was when the US pledged to arm and protect Taiwan; gave Taiwan de facto embassy status. Occurred after the normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China and after breaking relations with the Republic of china on Taiwan.

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Formosa

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Island of Taiwan was historically known as Formosa. It means "beautiful (island)"

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Kaohsiung Massacre

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Kaohsiung was the capital of political activism for native Taiwanese. The Kaohsiung Incident, also known as the Formosa Incident, was the result of pro-democracy demonstrations that occurred in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, to commemorate Human Rights Day on December 10,1979. It erupted following the police raid of Human Rights Day on December 10, 1979. It erupted following the police raid of Formosa Magazine, and illegal publication designed to support the end of Kuomintang monopolization of poer in Taiwan. The ROC Government Information Office under the leadership of James Soong hoped to chill opposition through censorship. A riot ensued and captured individuals were taken into custody and tortured for information.

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Meaning of the word "taiwanese"

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Native of Taiwan

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Chen Shui-bian

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(2000)
First native Taiwanese to be elected for presidency that is not part of the the KMT. HE was part of the DPP

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Ma Ying-jeou

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Appears to be the next contender for presidency, but he is KMT trained. He was elected mayor of Taipei, Taiwan, in 1998 and re-elected in 2002. He was also elected chairman of the kuomintang (KMT) by party members on July 16, 2005.

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Deng Xiaoping

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One of the old guard of the Chinese Communist Party, Deng Xiaoping became the party's Secretary General in 1954, but was purged by Chairman Mao in 1966 for his strong objections to the excesses of the Great Leap Forward. By 1974 Deng had been "rehabilitated" and returned to power. After Mao's death, he came back into power and was the de facto leader of the People's Republic of China. Started the "Great Opening" and had the 4 modernizations: science/techonology, defense, agriculture, and industries.

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"70 percent good, 30 percent bad"

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After Mao's death the Chinese communist government came out and said that 70% of Mao's ideas and laws were good and only 30% of Mao was bad. The public sentiment for Mao was so high that the government could not condemn him.

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Hu Jintao

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Born December 21, 1942 Hu Jintao was elected president of the People's Republic of China on March 15,2003. He is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titels of President of the People's Republic of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission and General Secretary of the Communist Party of china since 2003. He had to eal with the SARS crisis.

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1853

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Taiping Rebellion, Commodore Perry

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1911

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fall of the dynasty in China

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1937

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Rape of Nanjing

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1945

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atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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1947

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(in Taiwan) on losing the Chinese Civil War to the CPC, the KMT retreated from Mainland China and moved the ROC government to Taipei, Taiwan's largest city, while continuing to claim sovereingty over all of China and Greater Mongolia.

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1949

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People's Republic of China established

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1957

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Mao cracks down Anti Rightist movement - got rid of the intelligence Quota system - labeled many people as rightist

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1958-60

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Great leap forward
Sino-Soviet split
Industrialization movement - catch up to England. No one paid attention to bring in the grain/ food and it was thought that agriculture was under control. This idea produced a famine.

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1966-1976

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Cultural Revolution

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1988 (in Taiwan)

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China offered Taiwan the chance to keep its legislative and democratic systems, but come back under control of the mainland. Also, President Chaing Ching-kuo dies and is succeeded by Lee Teng-hui,the country's first native-born president; was KMT.

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1989

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Tiananmen Square