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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neolithic Era |
means culture with polished stone implements |
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When did Neolithic Era Start? |
7000 BCE |
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where did the Neolithic culture start? |
The yellow river area |
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nuclear area thesis |
all originated from Yangshao culture in Norther Plain and went North East and North West |
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interactive spear thesis |
Yangshao was just one of many cultures in Neolithic era |
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What was the first dynasty? |
Xia |
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What was the Xia culture? |
Erlitou |
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importance of oracle bones? |
shells of turtles, broken with fire, use them to answer predictable answers then write answers on shell have lost records of Shang dynasty over 200,000 |
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When was the Shang dynasty? |
1766-1027 BCE |
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Shang teachings |
ancestors played major role payed attention to elite dead lots of fortune and human sacrifice very hierarchy, more bronze, more wealthy moved around constantly |
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When was Western Zhou? |
1027-771 BCE |
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Who was Western Zhou first lead by? |
King Wu( r. 1049-1043)- son of heaven invaded central plains and defeated Shang |
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Why were Western Zhou leaders bad? |
Neglected responsibilities as guardians of the people, and used feudal system |
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Where was the Western Zhou located? |
Mostly Wei river valley |
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Feudal System in Western Zhou |
gave land to relatives who helped conquer the land and rule over domain lead to collapse when blood ties got thin and lost control over the states |
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who was the last King of the Zhou dynasty? |
King You, (r. 781-771) |
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Why did the Western Zhou dynasty collapse? |
Alien group called Quan Rong invaded, but nobody tried to help because King you cried wolf to many times |
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Why did Easter Zhou start? |
when Quan Rong invaded the dynasty became weak and moved capital to east for protection under the vassal states |
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What are The Odes? |
classic of poetry, book of songs- From Western Zhou, memorized and recited in public represent wide range of social status, showed normal life |
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When was the Easter Zhou? |
771-256 BCE |
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When was the Spring and Autumn Period |
771-481 BCE |
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When did confuses live? |
Spring and Autumn period |
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What happened to Kings during the S and A? |
decline of prestige and power, kings unable to protect themselves, vassal states started to rise in power, kings at mercy, only heald power in capital |
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What are vassal states? |
provide military assistance to dominant state, most dominant were Qi and Jin, but smaller were Chu and Qin |
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States during the S & A |
very dominant, boss of themselves, very decentralized |
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Respect during the S&A |
people were conscience of class, respectful of each other, strict social hierarchy |
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What economic developments happened during the S&A? |
Soybean cultivation and beginning of taxation, peasants paid rent to land owners |
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Where was the Eastern Zhou? |
eastern part of yellow river, 100 states |
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When did the iron age begin? |
600BCE |
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Who was Duke Wen? |
ruled Jin state (636-628), killed eldest song, ran away, came back and became extremely powerful seized smaller states and major trade routes and salt flats
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3 major schools of thought? |
Confucianism, legalism, daoism, and Buddhism |
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Army of S&A? |
frequent short wars, usually a year only elite in army |
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When was the warring states period? |
453-221 BCE |
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Where was the Warring states period? |
7 states, mostly in Northern China, 5 states, and 2 near Yangzi river, south |
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Powerful states in Warring States |
Quin and Chu took over Jin and Qi |
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Qin State |
-northwest, protected by mountains, area of Wei river -strong politically and militarily, but less civilized -adopted Zhou culture system and way of life -barbaric blood |
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Chu state |
-semitropical region by Yangzi River -ideal for rice cultivation, many resources -more civilized than Qin, comparable w/ North -borrowed ideas from elite in North |
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Wars during warring states? |
-longer, but less frequent, 5 years -new weapons, crossbows, armor, steel tools -infantry composed of commoners |
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Social hierarchy in Warring states |
began to break down, upward trend of commoners in society, merchants made way up by ability to manage commerce |
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Qin vs Chu |
Qin beat every other state and created own dynasty |
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When was Qin dynasty? |
221-206 BCE, China became unified |
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Significance of Qin |
terra-cotta army, great wall of China, legalism and tyranny |
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Positives of Qin state |
-universal military service, increased size of military -banded large estates ruled by nobles, dived Qin into country, governed directly rather than nobles -increased amount of territory under state -limited nobles ability to rebel -established individual households to be taxed -aristocrats fought for control -rise of urban centers, good economy -hated merchant class, farmers near top -agricultural society |
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Qin dynasty positives |
-built roads and irrigation/transport canals -used large labor forces so seemed harsh -standard weights and volumes -built Great Wall- symbol of tyranny |
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1st emperor of Qin |
-not well liked, seen as tyrant -built lavish tomb for himself with terra-cota soldiers -scared of dying so looked for serum to live forever |
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Legal code during Qin |
-punished whole family for criminal, punish for private affairs |
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Aristocrats during Qin dynasty? |
-all lived in capital, not strict social class |
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Military during Qin |
nobody but military could have weapons tot prevent rebellions |
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Why did the Qin end? |
-Civil Wars, collapsed in 206 -Liu Bang-merchant vs Won- aristocrat for empire, Liu Bang won and created Han |
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When was Western Han? |
(202BCE-9AC) |
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What type of system did the Western Han have? |
centralized system, but gave some land away to family and friends, officials watched over states -Liu Bang forced family to give up land in the long run |
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Western Han positives |
-period of rehabilitation -abolished legal system -reduced taxes |
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Why did Western Han collapse? |
-relatives wanted more power -Xiongnu -weakened central power and authority -failed to keep landlords alive because not much money -tried to make everyone equal, but just lead to huge wealth gap |
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Who were the Xiongnu |
nomadic group, came from North, defeated Liu Bang, made him bring him silk, women, and silver, very humiliating time |
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Emperor Wu |
-(r. 127-140 BCE) -reversed polices and attacked Xiongnu -good at guerrilla warfare -silk road flourished, good trade -expanded empire very far, resources overflowing -empire exhaused under him, overused resources -set up Confusious school in capital |
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When was the Xin dynasty? |
9-23 AC |
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Who was in charge of Xin dynasty? |
Wang Mang, master manipulator |
