China

Front 1

Boxer Uprising

Back 1

• 1900 • Shandong region • Peasents “Boxers” (known for martial arts) rebelled against imperialism • Anti-christian, pro-qing • Anti-nation alliance defened forgeiners • Weakened Qing • $330mm in reparations

Front 2

Chen Duxiu / Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Back 2

• Cofounder of the CCP 1921 • First general secretary of the CCP

Front 3

Chiang Kai-shek

Back 3

• First half 20th century • Leader of the nationalist army/GMD/ Republic of china during Chinese civil war

Front 4

Cixi / Guangxu

Back 4

• End of the 19th/ beginning of the 20th • Guangxu was the 2nd to last emporer of the Qing • Puppet ruler under Empress Dowager Cixi • 100 days reform: Modernize china, stopped by Dowager

Front 5

First Opium War / Treaty of Nanjing

Back 5

• 1839-1842 • Opium addicted China bans the drug, destroys product • GB fires back • Treaty of Najing results in extraterritoriality, treaty ports, hong kong to GB

Front 6

First Sino-Japanese War / Treaty of Shimonoseki

Back 6

• 1894-1895 • Qing vs. Japan • Control for Korea • Showcased China’s failure in military modernization • Public outcry Treaty • Japan gets treaty power rights • Taiwan to japan • China paid indemnity to japan

Front 7

First United Front

Back 7

• 1920’s • CCP GMD • Sun Yatsen and GMD built an army with support of Russia • In return made treaty with CCP, common goal of defeating warlords (northern expedition) • CCP trying to spread comm/ GMD trying to control CPP • Fell apart when chiang massacred CCP leaders

Front 8

GMD-CCP Civil War

Back 8

• 1946-1950 • Started after the 2nd sino-japanese war/ breakdown of the 2nd front • CCP won because GMD was weak • PRC founded, ROC to taiwan

Front 9

Kangxi

Back 9

• 1661-1722 • Longest ruler • Promoted Confucianism • Stopped uprising of the 3 feudatories • Took Taiwan • Eradicated Ming

Front 10

Li Hongzhang

Back 10

• 2nd half of the 19th century • Qing general

Front 11

Long March

Back 11

• 1934-1935 • CCP retreating from CKS, over 6k miles • CCP headquarters relocated from Jiangxi to Yan-an • CCP survives • Mao’s rise to power

Front 12

Lu Xun

Back 12

• Important in the beginning of the 20th century • Writings important, led to may 4th movement • Wrote anti-Confucian works

Front 13

Marshall Mission

Back 13

• After the end of the sino Japanese war in 1945 general marshal went to china to try to form a single government • No moderates, unable to agree • Anti-soviet goals • Both prepped fro upcoming battle

Front 14

May Fourth Movement

Back 14

• Anti imperialism, cultural, political rebellion • Response to treaty of Versailles o Japan maintains colonies/ takes German colonies o Weak on jap imperialism

Front 15

Mukden Incident / Manchukuo

Back 15

• Staged railroad explosion in Manchuria, desgined to give japan a reason to invade • Discovered as a ruse • Led to major invasion of Manhcuria and eventual puppet state of manchuko

Front 16

Nationalist Party (Guomindang GMD)

Back 16

• Founded by sun yatsen in 1911 • Ruled china until 1949

Front 17

New Life Movement

Back 17

• Founded by CKS in 1934 • Resurrect traditional chinese ideals • Anti- imperialism, Japanese, communism • Attempt to “clean up act”

Front 18

New world crops / High Qing demographic growth

Back 18

• Sweet potatoes, corn, irish potatos, peanuts, tobacco • Led to population growth as they required different types od land then rice and grain • More food=more people • 18th century

Front 19

Postwar inflation

Back 19

• After the sino-japanese ware economic mismanagement led to massive inflation • GMD’s fault • Printed money to manage debt of second sino japanse war • 1940’s

Front 20

Qianlong

Back 20

• 1730’s-1790’s • Grandson of Kangxi • Supported arts • Got lazy in the end and let advisors rule • Macartney visted in

Front 21

Second Opium War / Treaty of Tianjin

Back 21

• 1856-1860 • British demands all of China be opened to trade including opium and no internal taxes, british ambassador living in bejing • Qing say no, crack down on british piracy • Britain attacks canton • Ends with the treaty of Tianjin: opens china up to more foreign trade and extraterritoriality, treaty ports, opium trade

Front 22

Second Sino-Japanese War

Back 22

• 1937-1945 • Result of decades of Japanese imperialism (aimed at collecting land, resources and labor) • Coincided with WWII so china had allies on their side • CCP and GMD fought together • China recovers Japanese terratories

Front 23

Second United Front

Back 23

• 1937-1946 • CCP and GMD alliance to fight Japs • Gave the CCP time to recover from GMD attacks • When both not engaged with Japan they continued fighting each other • Forced by the Xi-an incident, when the youngmarhsall kidnapped CKS to put a stop to the civil war and unite against the Japs

Front 24

Sun Yat-sen

Back 24

• Founder of the republic of china 1912 • Founded the KMT • Stepped down to attempt to quell warlordism

Front 25

Taiping Rebellion / Hong Xiuquan / Zeng Guofan

Back 25

• 1850-1864 • HX dreamt he was the son of god and was sent to kill manchus • Set up Christian society/attempted to create equlity/ end vices/ end manchus • Refused to wear ponytail • Weakened qing • Zeng was the leader of the Ziang army

Front 26

ti-yong concept

Back 26

• End of the 19th century • Essence and practical use of Chinese ideals w/ western materials • Self strengthening • Maintain essence of society

Front 27

Treaty of Versailles (relating to China)

Back 27

• 1919 • End of WWII • German Shandong territories given to japan not china

Front 28

Treaty ports / extraterritoriality

Back 28

• 1842 • Result of treaty of Nanjing • Ports that we’re opened for trade after the opium war • Foreigners granted extraterritoriality there

Front 29

Wanli

Back 29

• End of 16th beginning of 17th • Ming emporer • Refused to rule • Favored his third son as successor

Front 30

Warlords

Back 30

• 1916-1928 • Warlords ruled areas of china until the end of the northern expedition • Yan xishan • Zhang Zhongchang

Front 31

Yan'an

Back 31

• 1930’s • Destination of the long amrch • Home of the communist revolution • Mountains acted as a safe homebase

Front 32

Yongzheng

Back 32

• Qing emperor in early 1700’s • Son of Kangxi, father of Qianlong • Cracked down on corruption • Efficient ruler, maintained peace

Front 33

Yuan Shikai

Back 33

• Start of the 1900’s • Secured Qing abdication • Took presidency when Sun Yatsen stepped down • Moves capital to beging/ allows elections