China 4/19

Front 1

Great Leap Forward

Back 1

1958-60.
-Attempt launched by Mao to heighten economic productivity dramatically in china through mass organization and the inspiration of revolutionary fervor among the people
-Exaggerated reports of the success of the policies (collectivization of peasants and decentralization of industrial production) temporarily masked the actual economic disaster and widespread famine brought by this
-failed! ended in disaster with many deaths which pushed mao to the side lines

Front 2

collectives

Back 2

-large scale enterprises that demanded advanced techniques, managerial skills and application of electric power
-The farmer that gave land over to be a collective now became a salary employee and his title to his land was voided

Front 3

Nikita Khrushchev

Back 3

1894-1971
-Leader of the USSR
-Tension with Mao
-denounced Stalin as a criminal in a famous speech in 1956
-developed his theory called “peaceful co existance” –> it was possible for the communist block to exist peacefully with the western world

Front 4

outer mongolia

Back 4

-one of the problems between china and the USSR
-Chinese accepted the ? of outer mongolia but were not comfortable with the outer boundaries

Front 5

communes

Back 5

-Made by combining the already existing collectives.
-Divded into production bergrades each corresponding to the size of a village and these were divided into production team
-Intended to function as Chinas political, economic and social units integrating all aspects of the lives of their members.
-Represented an attempt to build new large scale communities
-They turned out to be too large, their size was reduced so by the end of the great leap forward, the # of communes had almost tripled to 74,000 with a corresponding decrease in the size of membership.

Front 6

Sino-Soviet Split

Back 6

1960
-Soviet removed its experts and advisors working in China
-Mao refused to join a meeting of all the communist parties called for by the Sov Union
-Zhou Enlai attended a later meeting but walked out of it

Front 7

"backyard furnaces"

Back 7

small makeshift furnaces that were set up but they weren’t able to turn out iron and steal of acceptable standards

Front 8

Liu Shaoqi

Back 8

1898-1974
-Soviet-educated communist organizer and theorist
-author of "How to be a Good Communist"
-1960s-- recognized as Mao's successor to party leadership but was severley criticized as a "capitalist roader" and was purged from the party during the Cultural revolution

Front 9

Lin Biao

Back 9

1907-71
-military leader who helped to transform the PLA into a conventional modern army
-1959--succeeded Peng Dehuai as minister of defense
-1969--named Mao's successor

Front 10

Peng Dehuai

Back 10

1898-1974
-Minister of Defense (and head of the People's Liberation Army) at the time of the Great Leap Forward (1958-60)
-As the the consequences of the GLF unfolded and, to some degree, even before then, Peng Dehuai made the misstep of publicly criticizing the effort
-For this transgression, despite his loyal service to Mao up until that time, Peng was unceremoniously denounced and dismissed and replaced by Lin Biao (1907-71).

-Peng's demise became the subject of a popular play, written by {Wu Han} -- {Hai Rui Dismissed from Office}, and thus Peng became a symbol of the tragic fate that could befall anyone unwise enough to cross Mao.

Front 11

xiafeng

Back 11

-"downward transfer"
-at the end of the GLF
-to learn from the masses (the government went to communes), and to put in their share of manual labor
-Continued because Mao had a feeling for the masses

Front 12

Chen Yun

Back 12

1905-95
-1949--CCP's foremost economic planner
-helped orchestrate china's economic recovery after the GLP

Front 13

"two-line struggle"

Back 13

1960s
-further development of the struggle between reds and experts

Front 14

Deng Xiaoping

Back 14

1904-97
-Rose to high positions in the Central Comittee during the 1950s and 60s
-1980-- replaced Hua Guofeng as premier
-instrumental in implementing the Four Modernizations and crushing the 1989 democracy protests