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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interstitial lung disease pattern
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“reticulo-nodular”
predominately linear pattern septal lines (Kerley lines) |
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Nodular lung disease pattern
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Round (spherical) opacity less than 3 cm in maximal diameter
Well-defined or poorly-defined Nodules may be all the same diameter, or of various diameters -Various diameters tend towards metastatic disease A diffuse nodular pattern implies multiple nodules distributed throughout both lungs |
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Alveolar lung disease pattern
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May begin as ill-defined nodules that coalesce to form poorly marginated opacity
Resembles Cumulus clouds Hallmark is the air-bronchogram -Bronchi remain filled with air |
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Signs of chronic ILD: Volume, architecture, honeycombing, comparison to older examinations
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Volume loss
-Decrease in lung length -Elevation of hemidiaphragm -If only within a lobe, shift of interlobar fissure Architectural distortion -Distortion of normal pulmonary anatomy including bronchi, arteries, veins, fissures -Traction bronchiectasis Honeycombing -Multiple layers of small air containing cystic spaces lined by bronchiolar epithelium -Indicates end stage lung Comparison to older examinations! |
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Clinical diagnosis, histologic pattern, CT distribution, CT findings
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Clinical diagnosis
-IPF Histologic pattern -UIP CT distribution -Peripheral, subpleural, and/or basal CT findings -Reticular -Honeycombing -Architectural distortion |
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Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis: Clinical diagnosis, histologic pattern, CT distribution, CT findings
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Clinical diagnosis:
-NSIP Histologic pattern -NSIP CT distribution -Peripheral, subpleural, basal, symmetric CT findings -GGO -Irregular lines -Consolidation |
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Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia: Clinical diagnosis, histologic pattern, CT distribution, CT findings
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Clinical diagnosis
-COP Histologic pattern -OP CT distribution -Subpleural, peribronchial CT findings -Patchy consolidation with or without nodules |
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Acute interstitial pneumonia: Clinical diagnosis, histologic pattern, CT distribution, CT findings
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Clinical diagnosis
-AIP Histologic pattern -DAD CT distribution -Diffuse CT findings -Consolidation and GGO, traction bronchiectasis later |
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Solitary pulmonary nodule: definition
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By definition, a lesion < 3 cm is called a nodule; a lesion > 3 cm is called a mass
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Solitary pulmonary nodule: differential diagnosis
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Lung cancer
-High probability if older smoker Lymphoma Solitary metastasis Hamartoma Chondroma Granuloma Round pneumonia Abscess RA Wegener's AVM Infarct Hematoma |
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Benign vs Malignant solitary pulmonary nodule
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Stability over 2 years and pattern of benign calcification (diffuse, central, laminated, popcorn) are 2 most useful determinants of benign
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Airspace filling vs atelectasis
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Both are lobar opacities
Airspace fillings have air bronchograms Atelectasis has shifts of fissures, mediastinal structures, and elevation of hemidiaphragm -In an adult, lobar collapse in an otherwise healthy adult is lung cancer until proven otherwise |
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Solitary cavitary lesion
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Cavity = necrosis or destruction of lung parenchyma
Thin-walled cavity -Bulla, lung cyst, pneumatocele Thick-walled cavity -Abscess, lung cancer, metastasis, Wegener’s granulomatosis |
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Cardiogenic vs non-cardiogenic edema: heart size, distribution of edema, septal lines, pleural effusions, vascular pedicle width
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Cardiac:
-Increased heart size -Perihilar, basilar edema -Septal lines may be present -Pleural effusions present -Vascular pedicle width increased Non-cardiac: -Heart size normal -Patchy, peripheral edema -No septal lines -No pleural effusiosn -Vascular pedicle width normal |
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Unilateral interstitial lung disease causes
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Lymphangitic spread of tumor
Pneumonia Aspiration Radiation pneumonitis |
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Types of emphysema
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Centrilobular - upper lobes, spotty, no visible wall, may recognize centrilobular nature
Paraseptal - subpleural, thin wall Panlobular - overall decreased attenuation, decreased vessel size, if confined to lung bases think of a1-AT deficiency |
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Pneumothorax
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The visceral pleura is separated from the chest wall by air, and is visible as a thin white line
Lucency on the outer side of the visceral pleura = air in the pleural space (pneumothorax) Lucency on the inner side of the visceral pleura = air within the lung |
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Skin fold
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Mimics pneumothorax
Produces an edge, or interface, not a thin white line |
