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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CHILE
landscape, climate, viticultural info |
- LANDSCAPE: Andes Mountains to east
- CLIMATE: extremely variable, ranging from arid/extremely hot in north to very wet in south. - VITICULTURAL INFO: because of Andes bordering vineyards, Chile's vines are ungrafted, and have never been affected by phylloxera. because of this, new vines can be harvested after 3 years instead of 4, since no time is needed for the graft to "take" |
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CHILE
"mugron" system |
a process involving simply placing a branch from a growing vine into the earth to start a new plant. as new vine matures, it's severed from parent vine.
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CHILE
wine styles/tasting notes |
- primarily red wine: forward fruit, aromas/flavors of red currants, strawberries, blackberries, red plums
- white wine: from oxidized to dlicate, fresh whites. cool stainless fermentation and some, if any, oak aging, most common |
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CHILE
grapes |
- RED GRAPES: cab sauv dominant, followed by merlot. also carmenere, syrah, pinot noir, cab franc, malbec
- WHITE GRAPES: sauv blanc, chard, muscat, riesling, viognier, gewurz, sauvignonasse |
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CHILE
proprietary labeling laws |
best wines are varietal-proprietary labeled. following name of variety on label, producer is free to use different name/criterion for each high-end product. ex: Santa Rita uses Medalla Real, while Concha y Toro uses both Marques de Casa Concha and Don Melchor as quality designations for two of their best varietal wines (e.g. Don Melchor Cabernet Sauvignon)
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CHILE
labeling laws |
- NAMED VARIETAL: min. 75% grapes of name variety
- NAMED REGION: min. 75% grapes of named region - VINTAGE: min. 75% grapes harvested during named year - "ESTATE-BOTTLED": wine must be grown, produced, and bottled by estate |
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CHILE
exportation requirements |
- VARIETAL/VINTAGE LABELED: min. 85% grapes named/harvested named year
- WHITES: min 12% ABV - REDS: min 11.5% ABV |
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CHILE
aging requirements |
- RESERVA ESPECIAL: no meaning, just a marketing term, no aging requirements
- ESPECIAL: 2 years - RESERVA: 4 years - GRAN VINO: min. 6 years |
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CHILE
"Fina" wines |
varietal-labeled wines made from government-recognized grape types, mostly vinifera, like cab sauv or sauv blanc
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CHILE
main wine regions |
Atacama
Coquimbo Aconcagua Valle Central (Central Valley) Valle Sur (Southern Region) |
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ATACAMA
location, viticulture, winemaking |
- LOCATION - northernmost winegrowing region in Chile
- VITICULTURE: only possible through irrigation - WINEMAKING: mostly table grapes and Pisco (distrilled grape brandy) |
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COQUIMBO
subregions |
Elqui Valley
Limarí Valley Choapa Valley |
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ELQUI VALLEY
location, wines, landscape, climate, soil |
- LOCATION: north of Santiago, at southern end of Atacama Desert
- WINES: table grapes and Pisco - LANDSCAPE: vineyards extend from P. Ocean to Andes Mountains. up to 6,500ft elev. vines mostly planted along River Elqui. steep valleys and temperate hills - CLIMATE: sunny, desert-like. less than 3in of rainfall, irrigation from river necessary. strong winds from P. Ocean and Andes bring cooling influences to some areas - SOIL: dry rocky terrain |
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LIMARÍ VALLEY
location, grapes, climate, soil |
- LOCATION: south of Elqui Valley, north of Santiago
- GRAPES: cab sauv, chard, syrah, pinot noir - CLIMATE: similar to Marlborough, NZ. P. Ocean has strong influence w/ cooling fog that enters valley in morning. less than 4in of rain, drip irrigation necessary - SOIL: mineral-rich |
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CHOAPA VALLEY
location, wine, landscape, grapes |
- LOCATION: south of Limarí Valley, north of Santiago
- WINES: primarily Pisco and table grapes - LANDSCAPE: narrowest part of Chile, where Andes meet Coastal Range. - GRAPES: syrah, cab sauv |
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ACONCAGUA
subregions |
Aconcagua Valley
Casablanca San Antonio |
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ACONCAGUA VALLEY
climate, landscape, soil, grapes, general info |
- CLIMATE: dry
- LANDSCAPE: follows Aconcagua River from Andes to P. Ocean - SOIL: alluvial - GRAPES: cab sauv, merlot dominate - GENERAL INFO: Errázuriz's "Seña," an iconic Bordeaux-style blend, placed ahead of Chateau Lafite and Chateau Margaux in 2004 Berlin tasting |
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CASABLANCA and SAN ANTONIO
location, climate, soil, grapes |
- LOCATION: along the coast
- CLIMATE: among Chile's coolest winemaking zones, in stark contrast to heat of interior Aconcagua Valley. cooling influence from P. Ocean, via cool morning fog and greater cloud cover than elsewhere in northern Chile - SOIL: granitic, poor and well-drained w/ clay topsoil - GRAPES: sauv blanc, chard, pinot noir |
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CENTRAL VALLEY
general info, location, grapes |
- GENERAL INFO: Chile's most productive and internationally known wine region
- LOCATION: between Andes and hills/ranges along coast. directly across the Andes from Argentina's most well-known wine area, Mendoza - CLIMATE: temps reach up to 90°F during day, w/ lots of uninterrupted sunshine; temps - GRAPES: cab sauv, merlot, chard, carmenere |
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CENTRAL VALLEY
climate and influence of Andes Mountains |
- CLIMATE: temps reach up to 90°F during day, w/ lots of uninterrupted sunshine; temps plummet at night
- ANDES INFLUENCE: provide favorable air currents, good drainage, sources of water (Aconcagua and Maule Rivers) |
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CENTRAL VALLEY
subregions |
Maipo Valley
Rapel Valley Curicó Valley Maule Valley |
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MAIPO VALLEY
location, grapes, climate, notable producers |
- LOCATION: closest to Santiago, extends eastward from there to Andes and westward to coast
- GRAPES: cab sauv dominant, also merlot, chard, carmenere - CLIMATE: mild winter/spring. dry summer/fall. no threat of frost or mildew. - NOTABLE PRODUCERS: Concha y Toro, Santa Rita, Cousiño Macul |
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MAIPO VALLEY
subappellations, winemaking |
Alto Maipo
Central Maipo Pacific Maipo WINEMAKING: not unusual for producers to blend wines made from grapes of all three areas |
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ALTO MAIPO
location, climate, soil, grapes |
- LOCATION: in foothills of Andes
- CLIMATE: highly influenced by Andes. cold at night, sunny/hot during the day - SOIL: poor, porous, rocky soil - GRAPES: cab sauv |
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CENTRAL MAIPO
location, grapes, soil, climate, viticulture |
- LOCATION: on valley floor, surrounds Maipo River
- GRAPES: cab sauv, some carmenere - SOIL: rocky alluvial - CLIMATE: warmest/driest part of Maipo region - VITICULTURE: drip irrigation needed |
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PACIFIC MAIPO
location, soil, grapes |
- LOCATION: closest to ocean.
- SOIL: alluvial - GRAPES: same as rest of Maipo, but popular area to experiment with white grapes, mostly Sauv Blanc (because of cooling ocean influence) |
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RAPEL VALLEY
location, grapes |
- LOCATION: south of Maipo
- GRAPES: cab sauv, carmenere, merlot - NOTABLE PRODUCERS: San Fernando, Chimbaronga, Apalta, Viña Montes |
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RAPEL VALLEY
subappellations |
Cachapoal Valley
Colchagua Valley |
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CACHAPOAL VALLEY
location, landscape, climate, grapes |
- LOCATION: northern part of Rapel Valley, between Andes to west and Coastal Range to east.
- LANDSCAPE: Cachapoal River, Claro and Cortaderal Rivers, Lake Rapel all moderate climate. vineyards mostly in Andes foothills - CLIMATE: temperate, Mediterranean, sheltered by coastal range from cooling influences of P. Ocean - GRAPES: cab sauv, carmenere |
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COLCHAGUA VALLEY
location, landscape, grapes, climate, soil |
- LOCATION: southern part of Rapel Valley, between Andes to west and Coastal Range to east
- LANDSCAPE: vineyards mostly in Coastal Range foothills - GRAPES: malbec, cab sauv, carmenere, syrah - CLIMATE: cool, Mediterranean - SOIL: clay, sand, decomposed granite |
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CURICÓ VALLEY
location, grapes, climate |
- LOCATION: south of Santiago, at similar latitude to southern tip of Spain
- GRAPES: cab sauv, other red grapes, sauv blanc, chard - CLIMATE: varied. eastern part near Andes is cooler than western side due to breezes coming down slopes. on western end, Coastal Range protects from ocean influence |
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CURICÓ VALLEY
subregions |
Teno Valley (north)
Lontue (south) |
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MAULE VALLEY
location, climate, grapes, soil |
- LOCATION: south of Santiago, southern end of Central Valley
- CLIMATE: one of the coolest wine producing areas in Chile, though moderated by Maule River. distinct microclimates suitable for both reds/whites - GRAPES: cab sauv and carmenere dominant - SOILS: rich and volcanic, some areas have varying soil types (like slate) |
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VALLE SUR
climate |
more rainfall, lower avg temps and fewer hours of sunlight than the northern regions
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VALLE SUR
subregions |
Itata Valley
Bío Bío Valley Malleco Valley |
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ITATA VALLEY
location, landscape, climate, soil, grapes |
- LOCATION: northernmost of Chile's 3 southern wine regions
- LANDSCAPE: stretches roughly 60mi north-south and 60mi east-west. low density of vineyard plantations. area defined by convergence of Itata and Ñuble Rivers - CLIMATE: P. Ocean on western border has cooling influence. Mediterranean climate - SOIL: alluvial (sand and clay) - GRAPES: pais, muscat of alexandria, carignan |
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BÍO-BÍO VALLEY
climate, grapes |
- CLIMATE: mediterranean. 50.2in of rain per year, but winds prevent excessive humidity (similar to northern France)
- GRAPES: muscat of alexandria, pais, pinot noir, chard, sauv blanc |
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MALLECO
climate, soil, grapes |
- CLIMATE: cool, 51in rain per year, short growing season. high diurnal (varying) temps between day and night
- SOIL: volcanic, mainly sand and clay, very well drained (this is good b/c of high amt of rain) - GRAPES: most popular are chard and pinot noir |
