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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Piaget's Four stages of development age and dental implications
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Birth - 2: Sensorimotor
- Uses sensory and motor skills - Object permanence - Cannot reason, so physical and or pharmacological aids may be needed 2-6/7: Preoperational - Process thoughts but cannot use logic - Vocabulary and language skills are increased - Irreversibility of thought - Cannot reason, so TSD using props 6/7-11/12: Concrete operational - Logical thinking with concrete but not abstract situations - Demonstrates reversibility of thought - Classification and seriation - Can understand logic, so use accurate and truthful explanations. Allow children to watch using hand mirror 11/12- adulthood: Formal Operational - Child is able to think in abstract and hypothetical situations - Sophisticated educational messages and offer alternative/flexible treatment approach |
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Erickson's stages
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1 - Birth-year1: Trust vs Mistrust
- Infant develops basic trust. - If a child does not trust dentist, will not cooperate 2 - Autonomy vs shame and doubt 1-2/3yrs - Find balance between protection and overprotection - If child is shy and submissive he will cooperate, but hard to establish a rapport 3- Initiate vs guilt 2/3-6yrs - Eager to take responsibility - Should be allowed to participate in dental procedures within the bounds of safety 4- Industry vs Inferiority: 6-12 - Children want encouragement and praise. Peers are important - Child's efforts should be praised 5 - Identity vs Role confusion 12-18 - Major crisis with sexual and career identities - Use teenagers heightened perception to bring about positive oral hygiene |
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Kolberg's theory of moral development
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Level 1 - Preconventional moral reasoning Birth-9
- Stage 1: Punishment obedience. Will behave for fear of being punished and expect a reward for being good - Stage 2: Instrumentalist-relativist. Morals based on rewards. If they are good, will wonder what rewards they get. Level 2: Conventional moral reasoning. 9-20. Morals based on society Stage 3 - Goodboy Nice girl orientation. People act to please others. No fear or reward. Approval from good behavior. Stage 4 - Law and order orientation: Level 3: Post conventional moral reasoning. Based upon what is truly good and right. Not what society expects Stage 5 - Social contract orientation. What is good is mutually agreed upon and the rights of individuals must be respected Stage 6 - Universal ethical principle of orientation |
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Two physiologic methods used to evaluate anxiety levels
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Perspiration - Increases with anxiety and measured with galvanometer
HR - Increases with anxiety levels and measured using a photoelectric device |
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Four types of crying patterns described by Elsback
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Obstinate cry
- Temper tantrum - Loud and pitched like siren - Represents child's anxiety and must be managed Frightened cry - Torrent and tears - Convulsive, breath catching sobs Hurt cry - Loud, more frequent, accompanied by whimper - Single tear in corner of the eye Compensatory cry - Make noise to drown out noise from drill. No need to stop this cry |
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Koenigberg and Johnson's findings
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60% showed no change
20% improved 20% worsened - Behavior at one visit cannot predict behavior at next visit - Maternal anxiety is linked to child anxiety on first visit but not on second and 3rd visits |
