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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Growth
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Increase in the size of the body or any ofit parts
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Eveloptionment
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Refers to differentiaion of cells along specialized lines of funtion
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Maturation
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The process of taking on adult form and bcoming fully finctional, and
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The state of a childs' maturity can be defined by what 3 things
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1. Chronological age
2. Skeletal Age 3. Stage of sexual Maturation |
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Infancy
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First year of life
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Childhood spans
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end of infancy and beginning of adolescence
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Adolescence
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begins at the onset of puberty, when secondary sex characteristics develop and sexual reproduction becomes possible
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Average age of adolescence
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boys 10-22
girls 8-19 |
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CHild reaches 50% of adult heght by age 2
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CHild reaches 50% of adult heght by age 2
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Peak rate of growth in height
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girls-12
boys-14 |
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peak rate of growth in weight
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12.5
boys-14.5 |
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Bones
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Provide points of attachement.for muscle, protect delicate tissues, addn act as reservoirs for calsium.
Most bones develop from cartilage |
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Ossification
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The process by wich membranes and cartilage are transformed into bone
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Although exercise has little or no influence on bone lengthening, it does increase bone width and bone density by depositing more mineral in the bone matrix, which increases strength
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Although exercise has little or no influence on bone lengthening, it does increase bone width and bone density by depositing more mineral in the bone matrix, which increases strength
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Muscle development rate peaks at puberts why?
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10 fold increase in testosterone production
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INcreases in muscle mass with age appear to result primarily from hypertrophy, with little or no hyperplasia
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INcreases in muscle mass with age appear to result primarily from hypertrophy, with little or no hyperplasia
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muscle mass peaks at what age in females and males
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Females 16-20
Males 18-25 |
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Fat cells can invrease in size and number throughotu life
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Fat cells can invrease in size and number throughotu life
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The amoun of fat that accumlates with growth and aging depends on what 3 things
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1. Diet
2. Exercise habits 3. Heredity |
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Difference in fat at physical maturity, why?
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25 percent fat at physical mautity
boys 15 percent Different because estrogen levels increase wchich promotes deposition of fat. |
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myelination of the nerve fibers must be completed bfore fast reactions and skilled movement can occur because conduction is slower with no myelin
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myelination of the nerve fibers must be completed bfore fast reactions and skilled movement can occur because conduction is slower with no myelin
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Blood pressure at rest and during submaximal levels of exercise is lower in children because they have less peripheral resistance and they are smaller
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Blood pressure at rest and during submaximal levels of exercise is lower in children because they have less peripheral resistance and they are smaller
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Stroke volume is lower becaus smaller heart size and lower total blood volume. Kids also have a lower cardiac output
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Stroke volume is lower becaus smaller heart size and lower total blood volume. Kids also have a lower cardiac output
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Anaerobic Capacity
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Children cannot achieve adolescent or adult concentrations of lactate in either muscle or blood for maximal and supramximal rates of exercise.
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Training in young kids may actually reduce injury by strengthening th emuscles. It does increase strength
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Training in young kids may actually reduce injury by strengthening th emuscles. It does increase strength
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Strength gains in young kids are due to
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IMproved motor skil coordiantion,
Increased motor unit activation |
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Aerocib increases with kids
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low increase is due to small heart sizee
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Anaeorbic training increases three areas
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1. Increased resting levels of pcr, atp, and glycogen
2. Inreased maximal blood lactate levels 3. Increased phosphofructokinase |
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3 reason for the plateau in motor ability in girls
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1. Estrogen- more fat
2. Less muscle mass 3. Girls have a more sedentary lfiestyle |
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Children are more susceptible to heat-and cold-induced illness or injury than adults. Lower capactity for heat to dissipate through evaporation. Lower sweating rate
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Children are more susceptible to heat-and cold-induced illness or injury than adults. Lower capactity for heat to dissipate through evaporation. Lower sweating rate
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