Child Psychology Exam 4 Gsu

Front 1

Ideas and beliefs of others incorporated into one's personal standard of conduct

Back 1

Internalization

Front 2

What are the three basic components of morality

Back 2

1)Cognitive
2)Behavioral
3)Emotional

Front 3

Knowlegde of ethical rules and jusgements of good and bad

Back 3

Cognitive

Front 4

Behaviors that invoke ethical considerations

Back 4

Behavioral

Front 5

Feelings that invoke moreal and ethical decisions

Back 5

Emotional

Front 6

Usually when we make eithical and moral decisions, we have an ______ component.

Back 6

Emotional

Front 7

Birth to age 5; turn-taking not focused on winning game, make up own rules.

Back 7

Premoral Stage

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Ages 6-10; External morality

Back 8

Stafe of moral realism (aka morality of constraint

Front 9

Rules are seen as immutable and handed down by authority figures. Children believe that obeying rules is good and disobeying rules is bad.

Back 9

External Morality

Front 10

Ages 11 and beyond

Back 10

Morality of reciprocity (aka autonomous morality)

Front 11

Point of view for stage 1

Back 11

Act is either all good or all bad. Thinks everyone sees it the same way

Front 12

Point of View stage 2

Back 12

Can see possibility of more than one view

Front 13

Intentionality stage 1

Back 13

Judge act is terms of consequences, not motives. Concerned with magnitude of offense, not intentions.

Front 14

Intentionality stage 2

Back 14

Jugde acts by intentions, not consequences

Front 15

Rules stage 1

Back 15

Rules are not broken or altered (moral absolutism)

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Rules stage 2

Back 16

Rules can be changed or violated for human needs ( are arbitrary)

Front 17

Respect for Authority stage 1

Back 17

Cannot distinguish between justice and obedience

Front 18

Respect for Authority stage 2

Back 18

Mutual respect for authority and peers allows child to value own opinion and ability more highly and to judge others more realistically

Front 19

Punishment stage 1

Back 19

Punishment should be severe, and not necessarily related to the crime

Front 20

Punishment stage 2

Back 20

Milder, reciprocal punishmnet that leads to restitution to victim

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Immanent Justice stage 1

Back 21

God will punish you for a misdeed. Confuses moral law with physical law and believes that any physical accident or misfortune that occurs after a misdeed is punishment from God.

Front 22

Immanent Justice stage 2

Back 22

Distinguishes between natural misfortunes and punishment. Some acts go unpunished

Front 23

Level 1 Preconventional Morality (age 4-10)

Back 23

No internal moral standards. Standards are those of others

Front 24

Stage 1

Back 24

Obedience and punishment orientation. Obey rules to aviod punishment

Front 25

Stage 2

Back 25

Naive hedonistic and instrumental orientation. obey rules to gain rewards. Conform to rules when it is to your advantage to do so. "right' is what is an equal exchange, a deal or an agreement

Front 26

Level II: Conventional Morality (age 10-13)

Back 26

conventional rules and conformity

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Stage 3

Back 27

Good boy-nice girl morality. Concerned with approval/disapproval of others.

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Stage 4

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System-maintaining orientation. Unquestioning acceptance of social regulations. Concerned iwth doing one's duyt, showing respect for higher authority, maintaining the social order. "Law and Order" morality

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Level III: Postconventional Morality (ages 13, young adulthood, or never)

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Self Accepted Moral Principles

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Stage 5

Back 30

Social contract orientation. Awareness that people hold a variety of values and opinions and that most values and rules are relative to the group. These rules should usually be upheld in the interest of impatiality and because they are a social contract. Laws can be modified to meet the needs of the group members. Belief that it is better for society in the long run if they obey the law. (society decides on these laws and can be changed)

Front 31

Stage 6

Back 31

Morality of individual principles and conscience. Follows self-chosen ethical principles. Particular laws or social agreements are usually valid because they rest on suck principles. Do what they think is right, regardless of legal restrictions or the opinions of others.

Front 32

Criticism of Kohlberg's theory

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Based on study of males only. Failed to account for differences in moral orientations between males and females. Moral judgements and moral behavior are often unrelated

Front 33

Control phase

Back 33

about ages 12-18 months

Front 34

Self- control phase

Back 34

during prescholl period. Passive inhibition system (fear and anxiety). Active inhibition system (conscious control)

Front 35

Self-regulation phases

Back 35

Child learns to delay gratification

Front 36

Voluntary and intended to benefit another. Evident between 12 and 18 months of age. Increases in range as children age. Behavior styles; some stability over time.

Back 36

Prosocial Behavior

Front 37

Is biologically and environmentally influenced. Girls have more empathy than boys. Tempermant affects emotions. Family, mass media, religion, peers.

Back 37

Prosocial Reasoning

Front 38

Emphasis on social responsibilty

Back 38

India

Front 39

Emphasis on individual rights

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Americans

Front 40

Emphases on collective approach

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Asians

Front 41

More expectiations for reciprocity

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Germany and Israel

Front 42

Anger and frustration

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Infancy (0-2 yrs)

Front 43

Instrumental aggression

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Preschool (2-5 yrs)

Front 44

Hostile aggression

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Early years (6-7 yrs)

Front 45

Physical and relational aggression

Back 45

Elementary school (7-10 yrs)

Front 46

Higher risk of rejection

Back 46

Chronically abused preadolescents

Front 47

Risk of social isolation and depression

Back 47

Neglected children

Front 48

Many at risk for inability to regulate emotions

Back 48

Maltreated children

Front 49

Risk of aggressive behavior

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Abused child

Front 50

Multiple negative outcomes

Back 50

Rejected children

Front 51

Essentials of friendship

Back 51

reciprocity and commitment

Front 52

Expect help and sharing

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Rewar-cost

Front 53

Expect acceptance, admiration

Back 53

Normative

Front 54

Expect genuineness and intimacy

Back 54

Empathic