Child Psychology

Front 1

self control

Back 1

ability to control one's behavior and to inhibit impulsive responding to temptations

one of the first steps towards moral behavior

Front 2

preschoolers with better self control in adolescence have:

Back 2

better attention
higher SAT scores
less drug use

Front 3

Kohlberg's Theory

Back 3

moral reasoning is first based on rewards and punishment and later on moral codes

Front 4

Preconventional

Back 4

obedience/punishment and rewards
seen often in kids
not very complex

Front 5

conventional

Back 5

reasoning reflects social norms/gaining approval
"he should take the ER hostage because he will be on the news and everyone will think he's a hero"

Front 6

Post-conventional

Back 6

based on moral principles
more advanced
seen more in adults
"you should do it at all costs to save your family"
"you should do it because it puts other lives at risk"

Front 7

moral reasoning levels are based on

Back 7

situation
culture
gender

Front 8

prosocial behavior

Back 8

actions that benefit others

Front 9

altruism

Back 9

prosocial behavior that helps another with no direct benefit to the individual

Front 10

skills underlying prosocial behavior

Back 10

moral reasoning
perspective-taking
empathy

Front 11

responsibility

Back 11

if you feel responsible for someone, you're more likely to be prosocial

Front 12

competence

Back 12

if you see someone pulled over with a flat tire and you know how to change a tire, you're more likely to pull over and help

Front 13

mood

Back 13

good mood, more likely to be prosocial

Front 14

aggression

Back 14

behavior meant to harm others

Front 15

assertive behaviors

Back 15

goal-directed actions to further the legitimate interests of individuals or the groups they represent

Front 16

instrumental aggression

Back 16

a child uses aggression to achieve an explicit goal
shoving a child to get ahead of lunch line

Front 17

hostile aggression

Back 17

unprovoked, sole goal is to intimidate, harass, humiliate
"you're stupid" and kicks another child

Front 18

reactive agression

Back 18

one child's behavior leads to another child's aggression

child loses game and punches child who won

Front 19

relational aggression

Back 19

common form of verbal aggression where children try to hurt others by undermining their social relationships

more typical of girls than boys

Front 20

sex

Back 20

biological body parts

Front 21

gender

Back 21

societal behaviors, attributes, roles

Front 22

instrumental traits

Back 22

describe individuals who act on the world and are usually associated with makes

Front 23

expressive traits

Back 23

describe individuals who value interpersonal relationships and are usually associated with females

Front 24

DSD

Back 24

disorder of sex development
1 in 250 births
"intersexual individual"

Front 25

hyospadias

Back 25

urethra on underside of penis

Front 26

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Back 26

enlarged clitoris

Front 27

chimerism

Back 27

when a human has more than one set of DNA

Front 28

gender identity

Back 28

persons perception of the self's masculine or feminine

Front 29

kohlbergs gender identity theory

Back 29

2-3 years
understanding of gender and can label themselves

Front 30

gender stability

Back 30

understanding that gender is stable over time

Front 31

gender identity disorder

Back 31

strong and persistent cross gender identification
desire to be other sex
cross dressing
cross sex roles in play
discomfort with his or her sex
clinically significant impairment
gender dysmorphia

Front 32

males and females differ in 4 areas:

Back 32

verbal ability
spatial ability
math achievement
aggression

Front 33

cooperative play

Back 33

children organize their play around a distinct theme and take on special roles based on theme

Front 34

make believe play

Back 34

promotes cognitive development and lets children explore emotional topics that frighten them

Front 35

non social play

Back 35

children playing alone or watching others play but not playing themselves

Front 36

parallel play

Back 36

begins at 12 months
child plays alone but maintains keen interest in what others are doing

Front 37

associative play

Back 37

15-18 months
kids engage in similar activities, talk or smile at one another, and offer each other toys

Front 38

healthy solitary play

Back 38

coloring, puzzles, blocks

Front 39

unhealthy solitary play

Back 39

aimless wandering, hovering

Front 40

sociometric ratings

Back 40

who do you like most/least

Front 41

co-rumination

Back 41

friends spend much of their time together discussing each others personal problems

Front 42

contextual theory

Back 42

ecological theory, systems theory

Front 43

bronfenbrenner

Back 43

stressed role of multiple levels of environment on development

Front 44

levels of environment

Back 44

child characteristics
microsystem
mesosystem
exosystem
macrosystem

Front 45

microsystem

Back 45

immediate, direct influences on the child

Front 46

mesosystem

Back 46

teacher communicating to parents

Front 47

exosystem

Back 47

politics, media, extended family

Front 48

macro system

Back 48

culture

Front 49

Barumrind's Parenting Styles

Back 49

control vs. warmth
authoritative
authoritarian
indulgent
indifferent

Front 50

oppositional defiant disorder

Back 50

treatment is behavioral parent training

Front 51

nurturance

Back 51

increase warmth
differential attention
labeled praise
rewards

Front 52

differential attention

Back 52

give a lot of attention to good behavior and no attention to bad behavior