Child Psych Final Exam

Front 1

formal operational stage

Back 1

capacity for abstract, systematic, scientific thinking develops; thinking not limited to concrete thoughts

Front 2

hypothetico- deductive reasoning

Back 2

when faced w/ a problem, you start w/ a general theory of all possible factors that might affect an outcome & deduce from it specific hypothesis about what might happen; can make predictions about how certain variables affect outcome

Front 3

pendulum problem

Back 3

which factor is most influential in speed of swing

Front 4

adolescents vs. young children w/ pendulum problem

Back 4

young kids: couldnt solve
adolescents: able to pick out variables- length of string, weight, etc.

Front 5

propositional thought

Back 5

evaluating the logic of verbal propositions w/o referring to real world circumstances

Front 6

poker chip study

Back 6

kids shown poker chips; choose either green or not green/ green & not green
adolescents: capable of propositional thought; answer statements accurately whether they saw the chip or not
younger kids: needed to see the chip

Front 7

info processing view

Back 7

attention, inhibition, memory strategies, knowledge, metacognition, cognitive self- regulation; speed of thinking & processing capacity

Front 8

scientific reasoning

Back 8

coordinating theories w/ evidence; ability to think about theories, isolate variables & actively seek disconfirming evidence is rarely present before adolescence; improves w/ age (gradual)

Front 9

consequences of adolescent cognitive changes

Back 9

-self consciousness & self- focusing
-idealism & critism (perfection)
-decision making - cognitive self regulation, comprehension monitoring, intuitive judgements

Front 10

imaginary audience

Back 10

everyones looking at me when really they arent

Front 11

personal fable

Back 11

im unique & no one gets me and understands how i feel

Front 12

what specific mental abilities do boys and girls show slight differences?

Back 12

girls= higher scores on reading & verbal ability
boys= outperform girls when math concepts are more abstract & less spatial

Front 13

What may explain the differences in mental abilities btwn boys & girls?

Back 13

biological advantages; more maternal verbal stimulation; hereditary; social pressures; parental factors

Front 14

why do grades decline w/ each transition kids make in school?

Back 14

higher standards & less supportive teaching- learning environment

Front 15

what factors support high achievement during adolescents?

Back 15

authoritative parenting; parent- school partnerships; peer support; schools

Front 16

3 phases of vocational development

Back 16

1. fantasy period
2. tentative period
3. realistic period

Front 17

fantasy period

Back 17

early & middle childhood; fantasize about careers; based on glamour

Front 18

tentative period

Back 18

ages 11-16; evaluate interests, abilities & values

Front 19

4 factors that influence vocational choice during adolescence?

Back 19

personality, family influences, teachers, gender stereotypes

Front 20

hollands personality types

Back 20

1. investigative- research/ experimentation
2. social - good social competence
3. realistic - organized; common jobs
4. artistic - creative
5. conventional - business
6. enterprising - politicians

Front 21

what fraction of u.s. grads dont plan on going to college?

Back 21

1/3

Front 22

what percent of people are unployed?

Back 22

20% (limited job opportunities); often poorly prepared & lack vocational training

Front 23

identity vs. role confusion

Back 23

identity: major personality achievement; who are you? what do you value? what directions you choose to pursue in life
role confusion- no exploration/ directionless

Front 24

changes in self concept from middle childhood to adolescence

Back 24

-wider variety of traits
-traits vary w/ context
-abstract descriptors
-may be contradictory
-gradually combined into organized system
-emphasis on social virtues

Front 25

what 2 categories of changes in self-esteem were added during adolescence?

Back 25

job competence & romantic appeal

Front 26

what 2 factors appear on the identity status assessment discussed in class?

Back 26

level of commitment & level of exploration

Front 27

identity achievement

Back 27

explored options; know who they are & what they wanna do

Front 28

identity moratorium

Back 28

process of exploring, not committed

Front 29

identity foreclosure

Back 29

adopt "ready-made" point of view; adopting parents views

Front 30

identity diffusion

Back 30

completely lost; dont know/ never thought about it

Front 31

good parenting duirng adolescence balances what?

Back 31

connection & separation

Front 32

t/f unlike younger children, adolescents experience less intense emotional experiences w/ siblings

Back 32

true

Front 33

in what ways can children be influenced by conformity?

Back 33

dress, grooming, social activities, delinquency, drug use

Front 34

whats the most common psych problem in adolescence?

Back 34

depression

Front 35

what is the 3rd leading cause of death in adolescence?

Back 35

suicide

Front 36

what group is more likely to experience suicide?

Back 36

boys are 4x more likely; girls more likely to commit unsuccessful attempts

Front 37

what are the early warning signs of suicide?

Back 37

withdrawl from friends; sleep and/ or appetite change; irritability/ low frustration tolerance; decline in grades/ absent from school; verbal cues

Front 38

how might emerging adulthood be limited for many low ses groups?

Back 38

early parenthood; not finishing high school; accidentally unprepared for college; no access to vocational training

Front 39

what is emerging adulthood?

Back 39

time of frequent changes; change doesnt stop once we exit adolescence; educational paths, jobs, relationship partners; little is normative; fewer social expectations

Front 40

postformal thought

Back 40

after piaget's formal operational stage; teen yrs

Front 41

relativistic thinking

Back 41

abandoning the idea that theres an absolute truth; not always black & white; varies by context

Front 42

what promotes cognitive change during emerging adulthood?

Back 42

more opportunites for interaction

Front 43

in general, greater self-understanding & enhanced self- esteem contribute to advances in..?

Back 43

1. love- partner similarity; good communication
2. work
3.worldwide- civic & political commitments; religion & spirituality

Front 44

what are some factors that foster resilence in emerging adulthood?

Back 44

1. cognitive attributes- problem solving, decision making
2. emotional & social attributes- social awareness of yours & others behavior; regulating emotions, self concept, etc
3. social supports- parents, friends, significant other, etc

Front 45

4 original categories of self-esteem that generally contribute to self esteem?

Back 45

academic, social, physical competence, physical appearance

Front 46

what group of adolescents generally exhibit the largest increase in truancy & behavior problems?

Back 46

kids experience multiple problems vs. kids experiencing only one problem