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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thinking specifically of the head, what is the difference between children and adults?
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*Children are top heavy
*Children have thin cranial bones *A childs brain is highly vascular *Children have excessive spinal mobility |
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List the terms for altered states of consciousness.
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*Confusion
*Delirium *Obtunded *Stupor *Coma |
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What are some clinical manifestations of a decline in a child's LOC?
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*Awake, aler, appropriate
*Slight disorientation *Restless. fussy irritable *Drowsy but still responds to loud/painful stimuli *Unresponsive *Decorticate or decerebrate posturing |
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What would cause decorticate or decerebrate popsturing in a child with a head injury?
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Dysfunction of the mid brain or cerebrel cortex.
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What should be considered when using the Glasgow Coma scale on a child?
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The child's age.
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Why would someone use the pediatric glasgow coma scale?
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The quantify the LOC.
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When assessing a child with a head injury, what should a nurse assess?
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*Responsiveness
*Airway *Breathing *Circulation *LOC, breathing patterns, VS *Cranial nerves *Color - note cyanosis |
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What would be cause for a neurological emergency?
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No pupillary reaction.
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What is one significant nursing management in the care of a child with a head injury?
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Provide emotional support to parents.
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What could a nurse do for sensory stimulation in a child with a head injury?
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*Bed side music
*1 mo old - hold them *Tape parents voice telling a story |
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What is the most common injury in childhood?
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Head trauma.
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What is primary head trauma?
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It occurs ath the time of the insult.
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What is secondary head trauma?
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Body's response to initial injury due to hypoxia, hemorrhage, edema.
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List some clinical manifestations for a child with mild head injury.
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*Remain conscious or may lose it for <5 min.
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List some clinical manifestations for a child with moderate head injury.
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Loss of consciousness for 5-10 min.
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List some clinical manifestations for a child with severe head injury.
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*Usually unconscious >than 10 min
*May show signs of increases ICP. |
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In regards to head injury, is it a medical emergency if a child starts vomiting or losing consciousness?
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Yes
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What would indicate a fracture at the base of the skull of a child?
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Drainage from the nose (blood) and blood from the ears.
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What three things would a nursedo to manage a child with a head injury?
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1.Collaborate
2.Prevent 3.Promote |
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What is most important when caring for a child with spinal cord injury (SCI)?
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Immobilization to prevent further damage.
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Name two ways to maintain perfusion.
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1.IV
2.O2 |
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List some clinical manifestations of SCI.
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*Multiple trauma
*Hypovolemic *Shock *Increased ICP *Respiratory depression *Neurogenic schock *Spinal shock |
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What is SCIWORA?
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Initial films or CT show no bony deformity and the child is believed to be free of injury. Profound or progressive paralysis is found in 48 hours.
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What drugs are used to manage SCI?
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Corticosteroids
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What is cerebral palsy (CP)?
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Non-progressive motor and posture dysfunction due to brain anoxia.
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Whar are clinical manifestations of CP?
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*Delay in fine and gross motor skills
*Poor vision *Hearing loss *Cognitive deficits *Speech or language delays |
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Is the diagnosis of CP sometimes delayed until age 3?
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No, age 2.
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What is Baclofen?
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A muscle relaxant.
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What are some side effects of Baclofen?
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*Hypertonia
*Semolance/lethargy *Seizure *N/V *Headache *Pump may malfunction *Occlusion in catheter |
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Whar are 2 types of surgery to treat CP?
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1.Orthopedic
2.Neurologic |
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What is the purpose of orthopedic surgery for CP?
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*Achieve greater movement and leg control
*Correct extremity deformities |
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What is the purpose of neurolgical surgery for CP?
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Improve PROM, spacticity, and gait.
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Name a specific neurological surgery for CP.
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Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR)
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What are some ways a nurse can manage CP?
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*Adequate nutrition
*Maintain skin integrity *Promote physical mobility *Promote safety *Provide emotional support |
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What is an important detail when considering the diet of a child with CP?
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The temperature of the food.
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What is respite care?
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A place kids can go so parents can have a break.
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What causes hydrocephalus?
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*Infection
*Hemorrhage *Tumor *Structural deformity |
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List some clinical manifestation of hydrocephalus.
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*Large head
*Prominent scalp veins *Translucent skin on forehead *Wide palpable suture lines |
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What is spina bifida?
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A neural tube defect that affects the head and spinal column - incomplete closure.
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List some clinical manifestation of SB.
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*The higher the deformity the greater the neurological dysfunction
*Sac-like protruding on the neonates back |
